Ecco Final Exam Guide with Questions and Verified Answers 2025/2026
Edition.
MONA
-Morphine
What is the initial treatment for -Oxygen
chest pain? -Nitroglycerin
-Aspirin
Terms in this set (147)
For an acute MI/chest pain, what ST elevation
changes are we looking for on
the EKG?
Cardiac enzymes are elevated in MI, cardiac tamponade, cardiac surgery, acute injury - trauma to
what conditions? chest/chest injury, pericarditis
In what condition do we NOT see Congestive heart failure
an elevation of troponin in?
we hear heart murmurs because of the thickening of a valve like
Why do we hear heart murmurs?
aortic stenosis or d/t mechanical dysfunction of the valve
Stenosis of the aortic or systolic murmur, as blood is ejected through the narrowed valve
pulmonic valves will result in a
Regurgitation of the aortic or diastolic murmur, as blood flows backward into the diseased
pulmonic valves will result in a valve when ventricular pressures drop during relaxation
2nd intercostal space, R sternal boarder
Where can you hear the aortic
stenosis? -rough and high pitched murmur
What do we look for in an atrial The dicrotic notch
waveform? (on an a-line) -it indicates closure of the AV (aortic valve)
How long do you hold pressure 8-10 minutes
for when you pull an art line?
What are we looking out for when Brain bleeds
using thrombolytics (rTPA)?
1. decreased LOC/neuro changes
What are signs of herniation
2. increased ICP
(bleeding) from rTPA?
3. severe headaches
What conditions warrant for an Symptomatic bradycardia, 3rd degree heart block, recurrent
external pacemaker? tachy-brady syndromes,
, Can we use atropine for a 3rd No.
degree heart block?
Narrow pulse pressure, pulses paradox (BP drops 15 mg when pt
What are the signs and
takes breath in), increased JVD, low BP, muffled heart tones
symptoms of cardiac
(late sign), HR initially will speed up (won't be bradycardic)
tamponade?
compression of the heart by an accumulation of fluid in the
What is cardiac tamponade?
pericardial sac which over time decreases the cardiac output
b/c the heart can't squeeze
Because of the R on T phenomenon. When a PVC lands on a T wave,
Why do we care about frequent
PVCs? it can potentially put a patient into v-tach
What do we check for when we Magnesium and potassium (more so magnesium)
notice more frequent PVCs?
When starting to pace a patient, Set pacer at 80 and 80 and increase the mA (miliamps) until you
what should you do? see pacer spikes on every single QRS
Question 34 on exam, what V-fib 150 jules
energy settings do you put in for a
biphasic defib?
What is the normal drainage less than 100 ml/hr
amount per hour from a chest
tube?
For end-stage cardiomyopathy, 1. Nipride - to help reduce preload and afterload
the drugs of choice are... 2. Dobutamine - to help increase contractility and decrease afterload
Edition.
MONA
-Morphine
What is the initial treatment for -Oxygen
chest pain? -Nitroglycerin
-Aspirin
Terms in this set (147)
For an acute MI/chest pain, what ST elevation
changes are we looking for on
the EKG?
Cardiac enzymes are elevated in MI, cardiac tamponade, cardiac surgery, acute injury - trauma to
what conditions? chest/chest injury, pericarditis
In what condition do we NOT see Congestive heart failure
an elevation of troponin in?
we hear heart murmurs because of the thickening of a valve like
Why do we hear heart murmurs?
aortic stenosis or d/t mechanical dysfunction of the valve
Stenosis of the aortic or systolic murmur, as blood is ejected through the narrowed valve
pulmonic valves will result in a
Regurgitation of the aortic or diastolic murmur, as blood flows backward into the diseased
pulmonic valves will result in a valve when ventricular pressures drop during relaxation
2nd intercostal space, R sternal boarder
Where can you hear the aortic
stenosis? -rough and high pitched murmur
What do we look for in an atrial The dicrotic notch
waveform? (on an a-line) -it indicates closure of the AV (aortic valve)
How long do you hold pressure 8-10 minutes
for when you pull an art line?
What are we looking out for when Brain bleeds
using thrombolytics (rTPA)?
1. decreased LOC/neuro changes
What are signs of herniation
2. increased ICP
(bleeding) from rTPA?
3. severe headaches
What conditions warrant for an Symptomatic bradycardia, 3rd degree heart block, recurrent
external pacemaker? tachy-brady syndromes,
, Can we use atropine for a 3rd No.
degree heart block?
Narrow pulse pressure, pulses paradox (BP drops 15 mg when pt
What are the signs and
takes breath in), increased JVD, low BP, muffled heart tones
symptoms of cardiac
(late sign), HR initially will speed up (won't be bradycardic)
tamponade?
compression of the heart by an accumulation of fluid in the
What is cardiac tamponade?
pericardial sac which over time decreases the cardiac output
b/c the heart can't squeeze
Because of the R on T phenomenon. When a PVC lands on a T wave,
Why do we care about frequent
PVCs? it can potentially put a patient into v-tach
What do we check for when we Magnesium and potassium (more so magnesium)
notice more frequent PVCs?
When starting to pace a patient, Set pacer at 80 and 80 and increase the mA (miliamps) until you
what should you do? see pacer spikes on every single QRS
Question 34 on exam, what V-fib 150 jules
energy settings do you put in for a
biphasic defib?
What is the normal drainage less than 100 ml/hr
amount per hour from a chest
tube?
For end-stage cardiomyopathy, 1. Nipride - to help reduce preload and afterload
the drugs of choice are... 2. Dobutamine - to help increase contractility and decrease afterload
