Nursing 232 Exam 3 Questions And Answers
/.Thiazolidinediones (insulin sensitizers) - Answer-✅(-one) oral
worry about: hypoglycemia, HF pt's (retain fluid) daily wts
/.Alpha-Glucose Inhibitors - Answer-✅(-ose) oral
prevents post-prandial hyperglycemia, delays digestion
worry about: pt NPO don't give med
/.Incretin Mimetics (GLP-1 agonist) - Answer-✅(-tide) inj. site rotation
Delays gastric emptying
worry about: hypoglycemia, pancreatitis
/.DPP-4 Inhibitors - Answer-✅(-gliptin) oral
delay gastric emptying, works with insulin
worry about: hypoglycemia, rash, pancreatitis
/.Amylin Analogs - Answer-✅(-amalin) inj, site rotation
delays gastric emptying, works with insulin
worry about: hypoglycemia and site problems
/.Na-Glucose Cotransport Inhibitors - Answer-✅(-Flozins) oral
flow to flush glucose out through kidneys, preserves renal function
worry about: UTI or yeast infection don't give med
/.Hyperglycemia (Hot & Dry) sugar high - Answer-✅3 P's
dry mouth dehydrated
fruity breath
deep rapid breaths
vision changes
poor wound healing
numbness and tingling
give insulin and test urine for ketones
/.Hypoglycemia (Cold & Clammy) get some candy—15/15/15 rule symptoms - Answer-
✅H - headache
I- Irritability
W- weakness
A- anxious
S- sweaty
H- hungry
, • awake??? ask them to eat; juice, soda, crackers, low fat milk
15 eat carb, 15 blood check, 15 eat carb
EMERGENCY RAPID RESPONSE
/.DKA signs and symptoms: - Answer-✅diabetic ketoacidosis complication of type 1
D- Dry and sugar high, greater then 300
K- Ketones, Kussmauls breathing, hyperkalemia, fruity breath A- Abdominal pain;
Acidosis - metabolic PH: under 7.35
/.HHS - Answer-✅hyperglycemic-hyperosmolar status complication of type 2
H- high sugar 600+ high fluid loss and extreme dehydration
H- hypervolemia
S- slower onset and stable potassium
3 p's confusion, headache, LOC
/.Prevention for diabetes - Answer-✅1. Primary—weight, diet, exercise
2. Secondary—screenings with pregnancy, A1C, annual exams, annual labs
3. Tertiary—preventing further complications
/.15g of carb - Answer-✅1 carb exchange like a gronola bar
/.metabolic syndrome - Answer-✅3/4 to diagnose
1. abd obesity: men greater than 40 inch waist, women greater than 35 inch waist
2. hyperglycemia
3. HTN
4. Hyperlipidemia
/.gastroparesis - Answer-✅delayed gastric emptying
loss of muscle to move food through digestive tract
food stays in the stomach too long
/.DKA treatment - Answer-✅D- dehydration treat first 0.9% normal saline and insulin IV
K- kill sugar slowly, Q1 hour blood sugar checks • Lowering blood sugar too fast can
cause cerebral edema (brain dead)
A- Add potassium even if potassium levels are normal. Why? During Iv insulin: Insulin
pushes glucose and K+ into the cell removing it from the body. Therefore, we need to
be adding more.
/.Diabetes Type 1 - Answer-✅(type 1 we have none) no insulin production
caused by autoimmune response
the cells breakdown fat and protein into energy, causing ketones to buildup=
ACIDOSIS!
usually diagnosed in childhood
/.Diabetes Type 1 risk factors: - Answer-✅genetics
/.Thiazolidinediones (insulin sensitizers) - Answer-✅(-one) oral
worry about: hypoglycemia, HF pt's (retain fluid) daily wts
/.Alpha-Glucose Inhibitors - Answer-✅(-ose) oral
prevents post-prandial hyperglycemia, delays digestion
worry about: pt NPO don't give med
/.Incretin Mimetics (GLP-1 agonist) - Answer-✅(-tide) inj. site rotation
Delays gastric emptying
worry about: hypoglycemia, pancreatitis
/.DPP-4 Inhibitors - Answer-✅(-gliptin) oral
delay gastric emptying, works with insulin
worry about: hypoglycemia, rash, pancreatitis
/.Amylin Analogs - Answer-✅(-amalin) inj, site rotation
delays gastric emptying, works with insulin
worry about: hypoglycemia and site problems
/.Na-Glucose Cotransport Inhibitors - Answer-✅(-Flozins) oral
flow to flush glucose out through kidneys, preserves renal function
worry about: UTI or yeast infection don't give med
/.Hyperglycemia (Hot & Dry) sugar high - Answer-✅3 P's
dry mouth dehydrated
fruity breath
deep rapid breaths
vision changes
poor wound healing
numbness and tingling
give insulin and test urine for ketones
/.Hypoglycemia (Cold & Clammy) get some candy—15/15/15 rule symptoms - Answer-
✅H - headache
I- Irritability
W- weakness
A- anxious
S- sweaty
H- hungry
, • awake??? ask them to eat; juice, soda, crackers, low fat milk
15 eat carb, 15 blood check, 15 eat carb
EMERGENCY RAPID RESPONSE
/.DKA signs and symptoms: - Answer-✅diabetic ketoacidosis complication of type 1
D- Dry and sugar high, greater then 300
K- Ketones, Kussmauls breathing, hyperkalemia, fruity breath A- Abdominal pain;
Acidosis - metabolic PH: under 7.35
/.HHS - Answer-✅hyperglycemic-hyperosmolar status complication of type 2
H- high sugar 600+ high fluid loss and extreme dehydration
H- hypervolemia
S- slower onset and stable potassium
3 p's confusion, headache, LOC
/.Prevention for diabetes - Answer-✅1. Primary—weight, diet, exercise
2. Secondary—screenings with pregnancy, A1C, annual exams, annual labs
3. Tertiary—preventing further complications
/.15g of carb - Answer-✅1 carb exchange like a gronola bar
/.metabolic syndrome - Answer-✅3/4 to diagnose
1. abd obesity: men greater than 40 inch waist, women greater than 35 inch waist
2. hyperglycemia
3. HTN
4. Hyperlipidemia
/.gastroparesis - Answer-✅delayed gastric emptying
loss of muscle to move food through digestive tract
food stays in the stomach too long
/.DKA treatment - Answer-✅D- dehydration treat first 0.9% normal saline and insulin IV
K- kill sugar slowly, Q1 hour blood sugar checks • Lowering blood sugar too fast can
cause cerebral edema (brain dead)
A- Add potassium even if potassium levels are normal. Why? During Iv insulin: Insulin
pushes glucose and K+ into the cell removing it from the body. Therefore, we need to
be adding more.
/.Diabetes Type 1 - Answer-✅(type 1 we have none) no insulin production
caused by autoimmune response
the cells breakdown fat and protein into energy, causing ketones to buildup=
ACIDOSIS!
usually diagnosed in childhood
/.Diabetes Type 1 risk factors: - Answer-✅genetics
