Maryville NURS 611 Patho Exam 1 Test Questions and
Answers Graded A+
Apoptosis - -A programmed cell death that
is regulated or programmed. Cellular self- Where can ribosomes be found? - -
destruction for elimination or unwanted cell cytoplasm and rough ER
populations
what are ribosomes chief function? - -
Necrosis - -Rapid loss of the plasma provides sits for cellular protein synthesis
membrane structure, organelle swelling,
mitochondria dysfunction
What is the Golgi apparatus (complex)? - -
a network of flatten, smooth membranes and
What is the #1 cause of cellular injury leading to vesicles frequently located near the nucleus of
necrosis (especially the kidney and heart) - the cell
-hypoxia
What does the Golgi apparatus do? - -
What is the #1 cause of hypoxia? - - takes proteins from the ER and
ischemia processes/packages them into small membrane-
bound vesicles called "secretory vesicles, and
refines and directs traffic in the cell
Main component of a cell - -nucleus
What are lysosomes and what do they do? -
What does the nucleus contain? - - -maintain cellular health by removal of toxic
nucleolus cellular components, removal of useless
organelles, termination of signal transduction,
and signals cellular adaption
What is the nucleolus composed of? - -
RNA, most of cellular DNA, DNA binding
proteins, and histones How does aging affect lysosomes? - -leads
to progressive loss of lysosomal efficiency which
declines the regenerative capacity of organs and
Why are histone important? - -histones tissue
bind to DNA and fold it into chromosomes
(chromatin) which is essential for cell division
What functions do lysosomal components
integrate? - -nutrient abundance, energy
What are ribosomes? - -RNA-protein levels, and cell stressors and will translate them
complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized into instructions that regulate cellular metabolism
in the nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm toward either proliferation or inactivity
through pores in the nuclear envelope called
nuclear pore complexes (NPCs)
What is mitochondria responsible for? - -
cellular respiration, cellular metabolism , and
, Maryville NURS 611 Patho Exam 1 Test Questions and
Answers Graded A+
energy production
example of pathologic hypertrophy - -
What does the inner membrane of mitochondria cardiomegaly in a hypertensive patient
contain? - -enzymes of the respiratory
chain and are essential to the process of
oxidative phosphorylation that generates most of What is hyperplasia? - -increase in the
the cell's ATP number of cells
The mitochondrial matrix contains what kind of example of compensatory hyperplasia? - -
pathways (1), involve what two things (2), and regeneration of the liver
metabolizes what three things (3)? - -1-
metabolic
2- urea and heme synthesis example of pathological hyperplasia - -
3- carbs, proteins, and lipids endometrial tissue
What can accumulate intracellularly caused by
example of hormonal hyperplasia - -
stresses form metabolic dearangements? -
enlargement of the uterus during pregnancy
-carbs, proteins, and lipids
What is metaplasia? - -replacement of the
What is physiologic atrophy? - -occurs in cells
early development. ex: thymus glad during
childhood
example of metaplasia - -normal columnar
ciliated epithelial cells of the bronchial lining
What is pathologic atrophy? - -occurs as a being replaced by squamous cells. can be
result of decreases in workload, use, pressure, reversed if irritant stopped
blood supply, nutrition, and hormonal stimulation.
Ex: Shrinking of gonads in an adolescent pt in
response to decreased hormonal stimulation. cellular metabolism- what molecule gives us
and an pt immobilized in bed for a prolonged
energy? - -ATP functions as the energy-
time
transferring molecule
what is hypertrophy? - -increase in cell During ischemia, what effect does the loss of
size
ATP have on the cells? - -a reduction of
ATP levels (ATP needs oxygen) that causes the
Na+/K+ pump and Na+/Ca exchange to fail,
Example of beneficial physiologic hypertrophy? -
leading to intracellular accumulation of Sodium
-hypertrophy of myocardial cells from and calcium and diffusion of K+ out of the cell .
endurance training
Answers Graded A+
Apoptosis - -A programmed cell death that
is regulated or programmed. Cellular self- Where can ribosomes be found? - -
destruction for elimination or unwanted cell cytoplasm and rough ER
populations
what are ribosomes chief function? - -
Necrosis - -Rapid loss of the plasma provides sits for cellular protein synthesis
membrane structure, organelle swelling,
mitochondria dysfunction
What is the Golgi apparatus (complex)? - -
a network of flatten, smooth membranes and
What is the #1 cause of cellular injury leading to vesicles frequently located near the nucleus of
necrosis (especially the kidney and heart) - the cell
-hypoxia
What does the Golgi apparatus do? - -
What is the #1 cause of hypoxia? - - takes proteins from the ER and
ischemia processes/packages them into small membrane-
bound vesicles called "secretory vesicles, and
refines and directs traffic in the cell
Main component of a cell - -nucleus
What are lysosomes and what do they do? -
What does the nucleus contain? - - -maintain cellular health by removal of toxic
nucleolus cellular components, removal of useless
organelles, termination of signal transduction,
and signals cellular adaption
What is the nucleolus composed of? - -
RNA, most of cellular DNA, DNA binding
proteins, and histones How does aging affect lysosomes? - -leads
to progressive loss of lysosomal efficiency which
declines the regenerative capacity of organs and
Why are histone important? - -histones tissue
bind to DNA and fold it into chromosomes
(chromatin) which is essential for cell division
What functions do lysosomal components
integrate? - -nutrient abundance, energy
What are ribosomes? - -RNA-protein levels, and cell stressors and will translate them
complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized into instructions that regulate cellular metabolism
in the nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm toward either proliferation or inactivity
through pores in the nuclear envelope called
nuclear pore complexes (NPCs)
What is mitochondria responsible for? - -
cellular respiration, cellular metabolism , and
, Maryville NURS 611 Patho Exam 1 Test Questions and
Answers Graded A+
energy production
example of pathologic hypertrophy - -
What does the inner membrane of mitochondria cardiomegaly in a hypertensive patient
contain? - -enzymes of the respiratory
chain and are essential to the process of
oxidative phosphorylation that generates most of What is hyperplasia? - -increase in the
the cell's ATP number of cells
The mitochondrial matrix contains what kind of example of compensatory hyperplasia? - -
pathways (1), involve what two things (2), and regeneration of the liver
metabolizes what three things (3)? - -1-
metabolic
2- urea and heme synthesis example of pathological hyperplasia - -
3- carbs, proteins, and lipids endometrial tissue
What can accumulate intracellularly caused by
example of hormonal hyperplasia - -
stresses form metabolic dearangements? -
enlargement of the uterus during pregnancy
-carbs, proteins, and lipids
What is metaplasia? - -replacement of the
What is physiologic atrophy? - -occurs in cells
early development. ex: thymus glad during
childhood
example of metaplasia - -normal columnar
ciliated epithelial cells of the bronchial lining
What is pathologic atrophy? - -occurs as a being replaced by squamous cells. can be
result of decreases in workload, use, pressure, reversed if irritant stopped
blood supply, nutrition, and hormonal stimulation.
Ex: Shrinking of gonads in an adolescent pt in
response to decreased hormonal stimulation. cellular metabolism- what molecule gives us
and an pt immobilized in bed for a prolonged
energy? - -ATP functions as the energy-
time
transferring molecule
what is hypertrophy? - -increase in cell During ischemia, what effect does the loss of
size
ATP have on the cells? - -a reduction of
ATP levels (ATP needs oxygen) that causes the
Na+/K+ pump and Na+/Ca exchange to fail,
Example of beneficial physiologic hypertrophy? -
leading to intracellular accumulation of Sodium
-hypertrophy of myocardial cells from and calcium and diffusion of K+ out of the cell .
endurance training
