NURS 260 Patho Exam 2 Test
Questions with Guaranteed Pass
Solutions 2025-2026 Set.
The nurse is providing care for a client experiencing hypoxia related to lung disease. The client
reports extreme fatigue and weakness. Which pathological condition does the nurse suspect to
be occurring at a cellular level?
An overabundance of extracellular sodium
Water leaves the cells causing cellular dehydration
Over functioning of the sodium-potassium pump
Lack of ability to produce sufficient adenosine triphosphate (ATP) - Answer Lack of ability to
produce sufficient adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
The nurse is caring for a post-surgical patient at her one-month follow-up appointment. The
patient is upset because she has developed a keloid scar on her surgical incision. The nurse
knows keloid scars are a result of an increase in the number of epithelial and connective tissue
cells. This cellular adaptation is known as which of the following?
Atrophy
Hypertrophy
Hyperplasia
Dysplasia - Answer Hyperplasia
A patient has cardiovascular disease. His nurse knows that cardiovascular disease can be caused
by which of the following injurious agents?
Malnutrition
Decreased Angiotensin II Levels
High sodium levels in the bloodstream.
Hypertension - Answer Hypertension
A patient has gangrene of the toes. Which of the following could be the cause of gangrene?
Select all that apply.
Peripheral arterial obstructive disease.
Exposure to bacteria such as Clostridium perfringens in exposed necrotic tissue.
, Prolonged ischemia that leads to infarction.
A patient suffered a heart attack. He was successfully treated with a cardiac catheterization. The
nurse knows that damage to the cells could be caused by which of the following?
Blood flow being restored too quickly.
Reactive free radicals a byproduct of reperfusion after ischemia.
An increase in the number of functioning cardiac cells.
Cellular swelling of the heart muscle. - Answer Reactive free radicals a byproduct of
reperfusion after ischemia.
During cell injury caused by hypoxia, there is an influx of sodium and water into the cell that
leads to cellular swelling. Which of the following is the cause of this?
Lack of ATP causing dysfunction of the sodium potassium pump.
The sodium potassium pump is stronger during cellular hypoxia.
Plasma proteins entering the cell.
The accumulation of calcium disrupting the normal biochemical processes. - Answer Lack of
ATP causing dysfunction of the sodium potassium pump.
A client with a history of hypertension is non-compliant about taking anti-hypertensive drugs.
The client states, "So what's the big deal?" Which condition does the nurse identify as the
worst-case scenario?
Elevated risk of aneurysm
Persistent headaches
Possible cardiac hypertrophy - Answer Elevated risk of aneurysm
A fifty-year-old patient has smoked three packs of cigarettes for the past 30 years. He develops a
cough and seeks medical attention. The nurse caring for him understands that the following
cellular adaptation commonly occurs in response to chronic irritation where there is a reversible
change from one cell type to another cell type?
Atrophy
Hyperplasia
Metaplasia
Hypertrophy - Answer Metaplasia
Questions with Guaranteed Pass
Solutions 2025-2026 Set.
The nurse is providing care for a client experiencing hypoxia related to lung disease. The client
reports extreme fatigue and weakness. Which pathological condition does the nurse suspect to
be occurring at a cellular level?
An overabundance of extracellular sodium
Water leaves the cells causing cellular dehydration
Over functioning of the sodium-potassium pump
Lack of ability to produce sufficient adenosine triphosphate (ATP) - Answer Lack of ability to
produce sufficient adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
The nurse is caring for a post-surgical patient at her one-month follow-up appointment. The
patient is upset because she has developed a keloid scar on her surgical incision. The nurse
knows keloid scars are a result of an increase in the number of epithelial and connective tissue
cells. This cellular adaptation is known as which of the following?
Atrophy
Hypertrophy
Hyperplasia
Dysplasia - Answer Hyperplasia
A patient has cardiovascular disease. His nurse knows that cardiovascular disease can be caused
by which of the following injurious agents?
Malnutrition
Decreased Angiotensin II Levels
High sodium levels in the bloodstream.
Hypertension - Answer Hypertension
A patient has gangrene of the toes. Which of the following could be the cause of gangrene?
Select all that apply.
Peripheral arterial obstructive disease.
Exposure to bacteria such as Clostridium perfringens in exposed necrotic tissue.
, Prolonged ischemia that leads to infarction.
A patient suffered a heart attack. He was successfully treated with a cardiac catheterization. The
nurse knows that damage to the cells could be caused by which of the following?
Blood flow being restored too quickly.
Reactive free radicals a byproduct of reperfusion after ischemia.
An increase in the number of functioning cardiac cells.
Cellular swelling of the heart muscle. - Answer Reactive free radicals a byproduct of
reperfusion after ischemia.
During cell injury caused by hypoxia, there is an influx of sodium and water into the cell that
leads to cellular swelling. Which of the following is the cause of this?
Lack of ATP causing dysfunction of the sodium potassium pump.
The sodium potassium pump is stronger during cellular hypoxia.
Plasma proteins entering the cell.
The accumulation of calcium disrupting the normal biochemical processes. - Answer Lack of
ATP causing dysfunction of the sodium potassium pump.
A client with a history of hypertension is non-compliant about taking anti-hypertensive drugs.
The client states, "So what's the big deal?" Which condition does the nurse identify as the
worst-case scenario?
Elevated risk of aneurysm
Persistent headaches
Possible cardiac hypertrophy - Answer Elevated risk of aneurysm
A fifty-year-old patient has smoked three packs of cigarettes for the past 30 years. He develops a
cough and seeks medical attention. The nurse caring for him understands that the following
cellular adaptation commonly occurs in response to chronic irritation where there is a reversible
change from one cell type to another cell type?
Atrophy
Hyperplasia
Metaplasia
Hypertrophy - Answer Metaplasia
