CNA/GNA Exam 2, WITH ANSWERS LATEST
UPDATE 2025/2026
Paraplegia
paralysis from the waist down
Tetraplegia (quadriplegia)
paralysis from the neck down
Re-positioning restraints
Completely remove the restraint every 2 hours, for a total of 10 minutes. Provide range-of-
motion exercises and reposition the person
integumentary system
Consists of the skin, mucous membranes, hair, and nail
Pressure ulcers aka bed sores
form when bony areas press against the mattress. The pressure slows down blood flow to the
tissues that are pressed between the bone and the mattress. This results in a sore, which can be
very difficult to heal
Contractures
occur when a joint is held in the same position for too long a time...can cause stiffness and
shortening of the tendons
raising the side rail
, make sure the side rail on the opposite side of the bed is raised whenever you are turning a
person away from you
Transfer criteria
- DO NOT allow a person to hold onto you during a transfer. Instead, have an unsteady person
grasp the arm of the chair or a transfer bar for support
-DO NOT place your hands under a person's arms to help support him
Walker
used for people who can bear weight but may be weak or unsteady
Using a gait belt
apply the belt around the person's waist, over his or her clothing. Buckle the belt in the front by
threading th tongue of the belt though the side of the buckle that has "teeth" first, and then
placing the tongue of the belt though the other side of the buckle.
Widening legs of hoyer lift
widening the legs of the lift to provide a solid base of support. the legs must be locked in this
position.
Dangling
allowing a person time to "dangle" before getting out of bed reduces the person's risk of falling
due to dizziness or loss of consciousness
Instructions for grasping transfer belt
UPDATE 2025/2026
Paraplegia
paralysis from the waist down
Tetraplegia (quadriplegia)
paralysis from the neck down
Re-positioning restraints
Completely remove the restraint every 2 hours, for a total of 10 minutes. Provide range-of-
motion exercises and reposition the person
integumentary system
Consists of the skin, mucous membranes, hair, and nail
Pressure ulcers aka bed sores
form when bony areas press against the mattress. The pressure slows down blood flow to the
tissues that are pressed between the bone and the mattress. This results in a sore, which can be
very difficult to heal
Contractures
occur when a joint is held in the same position for too long a time...can cause stiffness and
shortening of the tendons
raising the side rail
, make sure the side rail on the opposite side of the bed is raised whenever you are turning a
person away from you
Transfer criteria
- DO NOT allow a person to hold onto you during a transfer. Instead, have an unsteady person
grasp the arm of the chair or a transfer bar for support
-DO NOT place your hands under a person's arms to help support him
Walker
used for people who can bear weight but may be weak or unsteady
Using a gait belt
apply the belt around the person's waist, over his or her clothing. Buckle the belt in the front by
threading th tongue of the belt though the side of the buckle that has "teeth" first, and then
placing the tongue of the belt though the other side of the buckle.
Widening legs of hoyer lift
widening the legs of the lift to provide a solid base of support. the legs must be locked in this
position.
Dangling
allowing a person time to "dangle" before getting out of bed reduces the person's risk of falling
due to dizziness or loss of consciousness
Instructions for grasping transfer belt
