NSG 6001 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
(Advanced Nursing Practice II)
1. Know the causes of an abdominal aortic aneurysm.
The proposed causes of AAA include atherosclerosis, inflammation, mycotic
infection, inheritable connective tissue disorders (Marfan syndrome, type IV
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome), and trauma. Traditionally, atherosclerosis has been
considered the most common cause of AAA. However, aneurysm formation is
associated with atherosclerosis in only 25% of cases.
2. Why is CT imaging limited in women?
Single-photon emission CT imaging is technically limited in women because
breast tissue and smaller coronary artery size.
3. What is self-management support?
Self-management support is a crucial component of the CCM and effectively
implemented by use of a population approach. The goal of self-management
support is to engage patients in their own care and to empower them to reach their
full potential as self-advocates and partners in care. Before patients can begin self-
management, they must have access to information that is appropriate for how they
learn and who they are—educationally, cognitively, emotionally, culturally, and
experientially.
4. Which Medicare part covers inpatient hospital services?
Part A – paid through federal payroll taxes – Covers inpatient hospital services as
well as some post-hospital nursing care & home health care
5. Understand risk factors for abdominal aortic aneurysm.
Risk factors for AAA include atherosclerotic vascular disease, white race, male
gender, advanced age, hypertension, smoking, chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD), history of hernias, family history of AAA, and presence of other
aneurysms.4,5 Despite extensive investigation, the link between COPD and AAA
remains elusive. Evidence suggests that the high prevalence of AAA in patients
with COPD may be related to medications (oral steroids) and coexisting diseases
, rather than to a common pathway of pathogenesis involving plasma elastase or α1-
antitrypsin
6. Study atrial fibrillation and at what age is it more common.
Atrial fibrillation is the most common sustained cardiac rhythm disturbance, more
common in men and increasing in prevalence with age. It is estimated that 2.3
million Americans have atrial fibrillation, which more commonly occurs after the
age of 60years.
7. Where could you find supporting data for guidelines for prevention of future
heart disease?
The recommendation for asymptomatic women with diabetes, peripheral vascular
disease, and possible kidney disease is for secondary prevention strategies to
prevent future cardiac events.
8. Can ischemic changes on an ECG during or after an ETT correlate to the
effected artery or arteries?
It is helpful to correlate the ischemic leads on exercise electrocardiography to the
underlying coronary anatomy to roughly identify the culprit artery or arteries.
9. What is the goal of self-management?
Self-management support is a crucial component of the CCM and effectively
implemented by use of a population approach. The goal of self-management
support is to engage patients in their own care and to empower them to reach their
full potential as self-advocates and partners in care. For many patients and
providers alike, this patient-centered practice is a new method. In the acute care
model, clinicians prescribe and patients comply. Self-management support in the
CCM requires different assumptions, processes, and skills.
10. Know the symptoms of an abdominal aortic aneurysm.
Thromboembolic phenomena may herald the presence of an AAA. Microembolic
infarcts in the lower extremity of a patient with easily palpable pedal pulses may
suggest either abdominal or popliteal aneurysm. Embolization of mural thrombus
from an abdominal aneurysm may be seen with acute limb ischemia caused by
, femoral or popliteal occlusion. The classic diagnostic triad of ruptured AAA is
hypotension (42%), pulsatile abdominal mass (91%), and abdominal pain (58%) or
back pain (70%). The triad is encountered in only 50% of patients with a ruptured
AAA. Ruptured AAAs should be suspected in any patient who comes in with
complaints of hypotension and atypical abdominal or back pain symptoms. In a
patient with a history of aneurysm or pulsatile mass, abdominal pain must be
considered to represent a rapidly expanding or ruptured aneurysm and must be
treated accordingly. In the community setting, the death rate from ruptured AAAs
is almost 80%.
11. Know the difference between the principles of fidelity, veracity, self-reflection,
and finance.
Justice, fidelity, and veracity are ethical principles that health care providers use to
guide their professional interactions. When health care providers treat all with
respect and address their patient's health care needs, they are following the
principle of justice. Adherence to the principle offidelity mandates that health care
providers honor their commitments; adherence to veracity compels health care
providers to tell the truth and not to be deceptive.
When health care providers treat all with respect and address their patient's health
care needs, they are following the principle of justice.
Whereas we bring considerable thought and reflection to the dilemmas we
encounter, the initial reaction of outrage or distress can be quite protective for
patients. These emotions highlight the urgency and significance of issues identified
in clinical practice and frame approaches to bring best thinking to these dilemmas.
Reflective practice is considered to be a means to enhance the identification of
clinical concerns and to initiate strategies for assessing and planning care when
ethical issues and dilemmas present themselves.8 Reflective opportunities in daily
practice allow the practitioner to consider thoughts, feelings, and actions in
compelling or difficult cases and then to use team meetings or practice rounds to
identify best practice in these cases.
12. Understand the coronary flow related to CAD.
(Advanced Nursing Practice II)
1. Know the causes of an abdominal aortic aneurysm.
The proposed causes of AAA include atherosclerosis, inflammation, mycotic
infection, inheritable connective tissue disorders (Marfan syndrome, type IV
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome), and trauma. Traditionally, atherosclerosis has been
considered the most common cause of AAA. However, aneurysm formation is
associated with atherosclerosis in only 25% of cases.
2. Why is CT imaging limited in women?
Single-photon emission CT imaging is technically limited in women because
breast tissue and smaller coronary artery size.
3. What is self-management support?
Self-management support is a crucial component of the CCM and effectively
implemented by use of a population approach. The goal of self-management
support is to engage patients in their own care and to empower them to reach their
full potential as self-advocates and partners in care. Before patients can begin self-
management, they must have access to information that is appropriate for how they
learn and who they are—educationally, cognitively, emotionally, culturally, and
experientially.
4. Which Medicare part covers inpatient hospital services?
Part A – paid through federal payroll taxes – Covers inpatient hospital services as
well as some post-hospital nursing care & home health care
5. Understand risk factors for abdominal aortic aneurysm.
Risk factors for AAA include atherosclerotic vascular disease, white race, male
gender, advanced age, hypertension, smoking, chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD), history of hernias, family history of AAA, and presence of other
aneurysms.4,5 Despite extensive investigation, the link between COPD and AAA
remains elusive. Evidence suggests that the high prevalence of AAA in patients
with COPD may be related to medications (oral steroids) and coexisting diseases
, rather than to a common pathway of pathogenesis involving plasma elastase or α1-
antitrypsin
6. Study atrial fibrillation and at what age is it more common.
Atrial fibrillation is the most common sustained cardiac rhythm disturbance, more
common in men and increasing in prevalence with age. It is estimated that 2.3
million Americans have atrial fibrillation, which more commonly occurs after the
age of 60years.
7. Where could you find supporting data for guidelines for prevention of future
heart disease?
The recommendation for asymptomatic women with diabetes, peripheral vascular
disease, and possible kidney disease is for secondary prevention strategies to
prevent future cardiac events.
8. Can ischemic changes on an ECG during or after an ETT correlate to the
effected artery or arteries?
It is helpful to correlate the ischemic leads on exercise electrocardiography to the
underlying coronary anatomy to roughly identify the culprit artery or arteries.
9. What is the goal of self-management?
Self-management support is a crucial component of the CCM and effectively
implemented by use of a population approach. The goal of self-management
support is to engage patients in their own care and to empower them to reach their
full potential as self-advocates and partners in care. For many patients and
providers alike, this patient-centered practice is a new method. In the acute care
model, clinicians prescribe and patients comply. Self-management support in the
CCM requires different assumptions, processes, and skills.
10. Know the symptoms of an abdominal aortic aneurysm.
Thromboembolic phenomena may herald the presence of an AAA. Microembolic
infarcts in the lower extremity of a patient with easily palpable pedal pulses may
suggest either abdominal or popliteal aneurysm. Embolization of mural thrombus
from an abdominal aneurysm may be seen with acute limb ischemia caused by
, femoral or popliteal occlusion. The classic diagnostic triad of ruptured AAA is
hypotension (42%), pulsatile abdominal mass (91%), and abdominal pain (58%) or
back pain (70%). The triad is encountered in only 50% of patients with a ruptured
AAA. Ruptured AAAs should be suspected in any patient who comes in with
complaints of hypotension and atypical abdominal or back pain symptoms. In a
patient with a history of aneurysm or pulsatile mass, abdominal pain must be
considered to represent a rapidly expanding or ruptured aneurysm and must be
treated accordingly. In the community setting, the death rate from ruptured AAAs
is almost 80%.
11. Know the difference between the principles of fidelity, veracity, self-reflection,
and finance.
Justice, fidelity, and veracity are ethical principles that health care providers use to
guide their professional interactions. When health care providers treat all with
respect and address their patient's health care needs, they are following the
principle of justice. Adherence to the principle offidelity mandates that health care
providers honor their commitments; adherence to veracity compels health care
providers to tell the truth and not to be deceptive.
When health care providers treat all with respect and address their patient's health
care needs, they are following the principle of justice.
Whereas we bring considerable thought and reflection to the dilemmas we
encounter, the initial reaction of outrage or distress can be quite protective for
patients. These emotions highlight the urgency and significance of issues identified
in clinical practice and frame approaches to bring best thinking to these dilemmas.
Reflective practice is considered to be a means to enhance the identification of
clinical concerns and to initiate strategies for assessing and planning care when
ethical issues and dilemmas present themselves.8 Reflective opportunities in daily
practice allow the practitioner to consider thoughts, feelings, and actions in
compelling or difficult cases and then to use team meetings or practice rounds to
identify best practice in these cases.
12. Understand the coronary flow related to CAD.
