NUR 445: Final Exam (STUDY GUIDE) UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
- Consent
Kidney Transplant: Nursing interventions - Labs (ex. BUN, Cr, CBC)
pre-transplant. (5 points- "Connie loves - Baseline vital signs
baking cookies everyday) - Cardiology (ex. EKG)
- Education
- Daily weight
- I&O
Kidney Transplant: Nursing interventions
- Vitals (ex. BP, temp.)
post-transplant. (6 points- "Dennis is very
- Signs of pain, infection
sad, Lisa's away")
- Labs (ex. WBC, Cr, BUN)
- Administer medications (ex. antibiotic, immunosuppressants)
- Creatinine over 1.3 = bad kidney
Acute Renal Failure: What are the four key - BUN over 20
assessments findings? ("Chris' a B.U.M) - Urine output 30 mL/hr less = kidney in distress
- Metabolic acidosis pH below 7.35
A condition characterized by an acute, rapid loss of renal function.
What is acute kidney injury (AKI)?
Note: An accumulation of nitrogenous waste products such as urea, nitrogen, and
creatinine and progressive increases in potassium.
- Sepsis
- Administration of contrast medication
What are six risk factors for AKI? ("Susan - Exposure to nephrotoxins
and Eddie often cooks chorizo") - Older population
- Clients who undergone major surgery
- Clients with acute illness
External factors that reduce renal blood flow
AKI: Causes- Pre-renal
Examples: Obstruction, low blood pressure, and low cardiac output
, Involve direct damage to the renal system.
Examples: CT contrast, antibiotics (ex. vancomycin, gentamicin), untreated infection,
AKI: Causes- Intrarenal
overuse of NSAIDs.
Note: Creatine over 1.3 = bad kidney
Mechanical obstruction of the lower urinary tract.
AKI: Causes- Postrenal
Examples: BPH, prostate cancer, calculi, trauma, and tumors.
A functional AV fistula or graft has a palpable
pulsation, a thrill, and a bruit on auscultation.
Assessment of an AV fistula
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion
What is SIADH?
Important: Too much ADH is released = kidney retain excess water.
- Stop in urination (Urine output reduced)
- Sticky, thick concentration (High specific gravity
>1.030)
What are five symptoms of SIADH? ("Silly
- Hypoosmolality and hyponatremia
Sam Hides His Sweaty Socks")
- High blood pressure
- Swelling (ex. edema)
- Seizures (watch for headache/confusion)
- Restrict fluids
What are five nursing interventions for - Loop diuretics
SIADH? ("Reyna Loves Consuming Some - Correct sodium deficit (Hypertonic solution, IV 3% saline)
Ice Cream" - Seizure preauction
- If able, give (per order) oral sodium tablets
The adrenal glands do produce too much steroid
hormones, specifically cortisol.
Describe Cushing's syndrome.
Remember, cushion of steroids.
- Remove underlying cause (ex. tumor, reduce steroid dosage)
- Administration of medication (ex. Dexamethasone replacement)
What are some interventions for Cushing's - Assessment of fluid loss
syndrome? (7 interventions- "Randy Ask - Adrenalectomy
Andy About Monitor Skin Infections") - Infection control
- Skin and wound care
- Monitor electrolytes
What is thyroid storm? A life-threatening condition that occurs with uncontrolled hyperthyroidism.
- Weight loss
- Exophthalmos (budging eyes)
- Tachycardia
- Fever
What are some symptoms of thyroid
- Severe agitation
storm? (9 symptoms)
- Systolic HTN
- Abdominal pain
- Tremors
- Changes of LOC
CORRECT Answers
- Consent
Kidney Transplant: Nursing interventions - Labs (ex. BUN, Cr, CBC)
pre-transplant. (5 points- "Connie loves - Baseline vital signs
baking cookies everyday) - Cardiology (ex. EKG)
- Education
- Daily weight
- I&O
Kidney Transplant: Nursing interventions
- Vitals (ex. BP, temp.)
post-transplant. (6 points- "Dennis is very
- Signs of pain, infection
sad, Lisa's away")
- Labs (ex. WBC, Cr, BUN)
- Administer medications (ex. antibiotic, immunosuppressants)
- Creatinine over 1.3 = bad kidney
Acute Renal Failure: What are the four key - BUN over 20
assessments findings? ("Chris' a B.U.M) - Urine output 30 mL/hr less = kidney in distress
- Metabolic acidosis pH below 7.35
A condition characterized by an acute, rapid loss of renal function.
What is acute kidney injury (AKI)?
Note: An accumulation of nitrogenous waste products such as urea, nitrogen, and
creatinine and progressive increases in potassium.
- Sepsis
- Administration of contrast medication
What are six risk factors for AKI? ("Susan - Exposure to nephrotoxins
and Eddie often cooks chorizo") - Older population
- Clients who undergone major surgery
- Clients with acute illness
External factors that reduce renal blood flow
AKI: Causes- Pre-renal
Examples: Obstruction, low blood pressure, and low cardiac output
, Involve direct damage to the renal system.
Examples: CT contrast, antibiotics (ex. vancomycin, gentamicin), untreated infection,
AKI: Causes- Intrarenal
overuse of NSAIDs.
Note: Creatine over 1.3 = bad kidney
Mechanical obstruction of the lower urinary tract.
AKI: Causes- Postrenal
Examples: BPH, prostate cancer, calculi, trauma, and tumors.
A functional AV fistula or graft has a palpable
pulsation, a thrill, and a bruit on auscultation.
Assessment of an AV fistula
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion
What is SIADH?
Important: Too much ADH is released = kidney retain excess water.
- Stop in urination (Urine output reduced)
- Sticky, thick concentration (High specific gravity
>1.030)
What are five symptoms of SIADH? ("Silly
- Hypoosmolality and hyponatremia
Sam Hides His Sweaty Socks")
- High blood pressure
- Swelling (ex. edema)
- Seizures (watch for headache/confusion)
- Restrict fluids
What are five nursing interventions for - Loop diuretics
SIADH? ("Reyna Loves Consuming Some - Correct sodium deficit (Hypertonic solution, IV 3% saline)
Ice Cream" - Seizure preauction
- If able, give (per order) oral sodium tablets
The adrenal glands do produce too much steroid
hormones, specifically cortisol.
Describe Cushing's syndrome.
Remember, cushion of steroids.
- Remove underlying cause (ex. tumor, reduce steroid dosage)
- Administration of medication (ex. Dexamethasone replacement)
What are some interventions for Cushing's - Assessment of fluid loss
syndrome? (7 interventions- "Randy Ask - Adrenalectomy
Andy About Monitor Skin Infections") - Infection control
- Skin and wound care
- Monitor electrolytes
What is thyroid storm? A life-threatening condition that occurs with uncontrolled hyperthyroidism.
- Weight loss
- Exophthalmos (budging eyes)
- Tachycardia
- Fever
What are some symptoms of thyroid
- Severe agitation
storm? (9 symptoms)
- Systolic HTN
- Abdominal pain
- Tremors
- Changes of LOC
