2020
Perception & Motor Control
All Points to Remember - Lectures
BakedToast
EINDHOVEN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
, Lecture 1
(1) Points to remember:
• Sensations correspond to patterns of brain activity in dedicated brain areas (localization of
function)
• Sensations are caused by stimulation of sensory receptor cells in our sensory organs
(transduction)
• Sensations often have a magnitude
• Over time the sensed magnitude decreases (adaptation)
• Electrical signals from the sensory receptors are processed in several stages (computation)
• Each stage ‘represents’ the external cause of stimulation (representation)
(2) Points to remember:
• The brain is both anatomically and functionally topographically organized
• A typical neuron receives multiple electrochemical signals (neurotransmitters) at the
dendrites
• The electrical signals are conducted to the trigger zone
• If the total membrane potential exceeds a threshold (depolarization), the neuron ‘fires’ a
spike (action potential)
• The action potential:
o Is generated by opening and closing of ion channels
Lecture 2:
Learning objectives:
• Understand the physical nature of sound waves, how they can be analyzed
• Appreciate the distinctive roles of the outer middle, inner ear
• Understand how the cochlea encodes the attributes of incoming sound waves
• Appreciate the variety of cues extracted in the auditory system to encode the frequency
composition and location of incoming sound waves
Lecture 3:
(1) Points to remember
▪ Any complex sound can be considered as a collection of sine-wave components, each with
a specific frequency, amplitude and phase
▪ Fourier analysis is used to decompose complex sounds into their components, and to
analyze the attenuating effect of transmitting media
▪ The outer ear and middle ear filter and focus sound energy onto the oval window of the
inner ear (cochlea).
▪ The cochlea is a coiled tube filled with fluid and divided lengthways into two chambers; the
basilar membrane on the partition contains sensory hair cells.
▪ Sound waves arriving at the cochlea displace the basilar membrane, generating responses
in the hair cells
Perception & Motor Control
All Points to Remember - Lectures
BakedToast
EINDHOVEN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
, Lecture 1
(1) Points to remember:
• Sensations correspond to patterns of brain activity in dedicated brain areas (localization of
function)
• Sensations are caused by stimulation of sensory receptor cells in our sensory organs
(transduction)
• Sensations often have a magnitude
• Over time the sensed magnitude decreases (adaptation)
• Electrical signals from the sensory receptors are processed in several stages (computation)
• Each stage ‘represents’ the external cause of stimulation (representation)
(2) Points to remember:
• The brain is both anatomically and functionally topographically organized
• A typical neuron receives multiple electrochemical signals (neurotransmitters) at the
dendrites
• The electrical signals are conducted to the trigger zone
• If the total membrane potential exceeds a threshold (depolarization), the neuron ‘fires’ a
spike (action potential)
• The action potential:
o Is generated by opening and closing of ion channels
Lecture 2:
Learning objectives:
• Understand the physical nature of sound waves, how they can be analyzed
• Appreciate the distinctive roles of the outer middle, inner ear
• Understand how the cochlea encodes the attributes of incoming sound waves
• Appreciate the variety of cues extracted in the auditory system to encode the frequency
composition and location of incoming sound waves
Lecture 3:
(1) Points to remember
▪ Any complex sound can be considered as a collection of sine-wave components, each with
a specific frequency, amplitude and phase
▪ Fourier analysis is used to decompose complex sounds into their components, and to
analyze the attenuating effect of transmitting media
▪ The outer ear and middle ear filter and focus sound energy onto the oval window of the
inner ear (cochlea).
▪ The cochlea is a coiled tube filled with fluid and divided lengthways into two chambers; the
basilar membrane on the partition contains sensory hair cells.
▪ Sound waves arriving at the cochlea displace the basilar membrane, generating responses
in the hair cells
