NR 509 FINAL EXAM
Question:
A 60-year-old was concerned about a yellowish colored lesion above her right eyelid. Findings
revealed a slightly raised yellowish, well circumscribed plaque along the nasal area of her right
eyelid. This finding is most consistent with:
apinguecula.
achalazion.
episcleritis.
xanthelasma.
Explanation:
Slightly raised, yellowish, well-circumscribed plaques appearing along the nasal area of one or
both eyelids are consistent with lipid disorders and called xanthelasma. Pinguecula refer to
harmless, yellowish, triangular nodules in the bulbar conjunctiva on either side of the iris. A
chalazion is a nontender nodule usually on the underside of the eyelid. Episcleritis is an ocular
inflammation of the episcleral vessels.
Question:
,Assessment of a patient's visual acuity resulted in 20/200 using the Snellen eye chart. This means
that:
at 200 feet the patient can read printed information that a person with normal vision could read at
20 feet.
at 20 feet the patient can read printed information that a person with normal vision could
read at 200 feet.
the patient has normal visual acuity.
the patient may not be able to read so he should be tested with the picture or "E" eye charts.
Explanation:
Visual acuity that is corrected to 20/200 constitutes legal blindness. The larger the number under
20, the worse the visual acuity. If this is a new finding, the patient needs ophthalmologic
evaluation.
Question:
Findings following assessment of a person's left eye gaze include impaired movements when
attempting to look upward, downward, or inward. This condition is most consistent with:
a conjugate gaze.
,left cranial nerve III (oculomotor) paralysis
cranial nerve IV (trochlear) paralysis.
cranial nerve VI (abducens) paralysis.
Explanation:
With a left cranial nerve III paralysis, upward, downward, or inward movements are impaired. In
conjugate or normal gaze, the normal movement of the two eyes appears simultaneously in the
same direction to bring something into view. With a left cranial nerve VI paralysis, a person's
gaze would include eyes conjugate when looking to the right, esotropia (one or both eyes turn
inward) appears in the left eye when looking straight ahead, and esotropia is maximum in the left
eye when looking to the left. The left eye is unable to look down when turned inward in a left
cranial nerve IV paralysis.
Question:
The function of the auditory ossicles is to:
transmit the light reflex to the light cone.
transform sound vibrations into mechanical waves for the inner ear.
to capture sound waves from the external ear for transmission into the middle ear.
to separate the inner ear from the middle ear.
, Explanation:
The function of the auditory ossicles is to transform sound vibrations into mechanical waves for
the inner ear
Question:
A 35-year-old patient complains of vertigo accompanied by nausea and vomiting. Examination
reveals bilateral diplopia and an unsteady gait. These symptoms could be suggestive of:
Anarrhythmia
.a neurological condition
.an inner ear infection.
orthostatic hypotension.
Explanation:
Vertigo symptoms associated with neurologic conditions include: ataxia, diplopia, and
dysarthria. Symptoms associated with cardiovascular conditions and vertigo include arrhythmias,
orthostatic hypotension, vasovagal stimulation, lightheadedness, weakness, or presyncope.
Question:
A 60-year-old was concerned about a yellowish colored lesion above her right eyelid. Findings
revealed a slightly raised yellowish, well circumscribed plaque along the nasal area of her right
eyelid. This finding is most consistent with:
apinguecula.
achalazion.
episcleritis.
xanthelasma.
Explanation:
Slightly raised, yellowish, well-circumscribed plaques appearing along the nasal area of one or
both eyelids are consistent with lipid disorders and called xanthelasma. Pinguecula refer to
harmless, yellowish, triangular nodules in the bulbar conjunctiva on either side of the iris. A
chalazion is a nontender nodule usually on the underside of the eyelid. Episcleritis is an ocular
inflammation of the episcleral vessels.
Question:
,Assessment of a patient's visual acuity resulted in 20/200 using the Snellen eye chart. This means
that:
at 200 feet the patient can read printed information that a person with normal vision could read at
20 feet.
at 20 feet the patient can read printed information that a person with normal vision could
read at 200 feet.
the patient has normal visual acuity.
the patient may not be able to read so he should be tested with the picture or "E" eye charts.
Explanation:
Visual acuity that is corrected to 20/200 constitutes legal blindness. The larger the number under
20, the worse the visual acuity. If this is a new finding, the patient needs ophthalmologic
evaluation.
Question:
Findings following assessment of a person's left eye gaze include impaired movements when
attempting to look upward, downward, or inward. This condition is most consistent with:
a conjugate gaze.
,left cranial nerve III (oculomotor) paralysis
cranial nerve IV (trochlear) paralysis.
cranial nerve VI (abducens) paralysis.
Explanation:
With a left cranial nerve III paralysis, upward, downward, or inward movements are impaired. In
conjugate or normal gaze, the normal movement of the two eyes appears simultaneously in the
same direction to bring something into view. With a left cranial nerve VI paralysis, a person's
gaze would include eyes conjugate when looking to the right, esotropia (one or both eyes turn
inward) appears in the left eye when looking straight ahead, and esotropia is maximum in the left
eye when looking to the left. The left eye is unable to look down when turned inward in a left
cranial nerve IV paralysis.
Question:
The function of the auditory ossicles is to:
transmit the light reflex to the light cone.
transform sound vibrations into mechanical waves for the inner ear.
to capture sound waves from the external ear for transmission into the middle ear.
to separate the inner ear from the middle ear.
, Explanation:
The function of the auditory ossicles is to transform sound vibrations into mechanical waves for
the inner ear
Question:
A 35-year-old patient complains of vertigo accompanied by nausea and vomiting. Examination
reveals bilateral diplopia and an unsteady gait. These symptoms could be suggestive of:
Anarrhythmia
.a neurological condition
.an inner ear infection.
orthostatic hypotension.
Explanation:
Vertigo symptoms associated with neurologic conditions include: ataxia, diplopia, and
dysarthria. Symptoms associated with cardiovascular conditions and vertigo include arrhythmias,
orthostatic hypotension, vasovagal stimulation, lightheadedness, weakness, or presyncope.
