Intro to Microbiology Questions and Answers

Intro to Microbiology Questions and Answers Microbiology the study of small life Examples of microbes... Bacteria, Archaea ,Fungi, Protozoa ,Multicellular Animal Parasite, Algae, Viruses Microbes are mostly... unicellular Bacteria outnumber human cells 10: 1 1g of soil = 1 million SPECIES bacteria 1ml of seawater = 50 million viruses What is Streptomyces parvulus being used for? to make anti-cancer drugs Bacteria are... Prokaryotic & unicellular Prokaryotic means... before nucleus & no membrane bound organelles 3 shapes of bacteria are... coccus, bacillus, & spirillium Coccus means... round shape Bacillus means... rod shaped Spirillium means... spiral shaped Bacteria cell wall is comprised of..? peptidoglycan & carbohydrates Peptidoglycan is specific to... bacteria How long has bacteria been around? 3.5 billion years Yellowstone hot springs... bacteria lives there causes the spring to turn red What does MRSA stand for? methecillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus MRSA can cause... MRSA infection Bacillus anthrasis causes Anthrax Bacillus anthrasis is used in... biological warfare Gas gangrene is caused by Clostridium perfringens Diabetics are prone to gas gangrene caused by Clostridium perfringens Botulism is caused by...? Clostridium botulinum Clostridium botulinum is used in what and does what? used in botox and paralyzes the face Gonorrhea is caused by Neisseria gonorrheae Gonorrhea is becoming drug resistant Salmenolosis is caused Salmonella newport Salmenolosis is food poisoning Archaea do not cause disease Archaea may have been the origin of bacteria Archaea are weird suckers Archaea are classified as prokaryotes but have components of prokaryotes & eukaryotes Archaea do not have peptidoglycan Archaea's membrane is similar to eukaryotes Archaea live in extreme conditions halophile means high salt thermophile means high temperature Fungi are classified as eukaryotes Fungi are both unicelluar & multicellular Example of unicellular fungi yeast example of multicellular fungi mushrooms & molds Fungi can reproduce.. sexually or asexually Beneficial fungi Cantherellus cibarius (mushrooms we eat) Harmful fungi Stachybotrys chartarum (black mold) Protozoa are classified as eukaryotic Protozoa are unicellular Protozoa have flagella & cilia Cilia aka pseudopods Pseudopods means fake foot Normal protozoa euglena Disease causing protozoa Giardia lamblia Animal parasites are microorganisms, but are often included in microbiology because eggs are microscopic Animal parasites are classfied as eukaryotic Animal parasites are multicelluar Ascaris is round worm Algae are classified as eukaryotic Algae Derive energy from the sun & CO2 (photosynthesis) Algae release oxygen Algae are both multicellular & unicellular Viruses are different because they are not technically living Life is defined by Cell, homeostasis, Growth and development, Assimilation of energy, Have genetic material, Reproduction Viruses are not made of cells, but are highly organized Viruses rely on hosts for reproduction, energy Viruses "mature" into virions Virions are infectious virus particles Viruses have either DNA or RNA Viruses can only be seen with an electron microscope Family of influenza is called Orthomyxoviridae Family of yellow fever is called Flaviviridae Family of HIV called retroviridae Family of Hantavirus is called bunyaviridae What is Abiogenesis life springing from mixture of things What happened in 1665? discovery of cell Who discovered the cell? Robert Hooke How was the cell discovered? Observed cells of dried cork wood using a crude "microscope" & found little compartments What happened in 1673 invention of the microscope and observation of the first microbes Who invented the first microscope & observed the first microbes? Antoni von Leeuwenhoek First microbes were called? animalcules What happened in 1798 the smallpox vaccine created Who created the smallpox vaccine? Edward Jenner How was the smallpox vaccine created? Jenner found that milkmaids didn't seem to get smallpox. They instead got cowpox. Experimentally infected a "volunteer" with cowpox and then tried to infect the patient with smallpox. Cowpox was protective against smallpox What happened in 1861? finally dispelled abiogenesis Who dispelled abiogenesis? Louis Pasteur How was abiogenesis dispelled? Broth-filled flasks with swan necks open to the air. When neck was in place, particles (and microbes) fell to the neck bottom. No growth occurred. When neck was broken, particles fell directly into broth. Growth occurred. What happened in 1876? Koch's postulates Who introduced Koch's postulates? Robert Koch What is Koch's postulates? isolate the microbe from diseased/dead animal. Grow in pure culture. Use pure culture to infect healthy animal. Re-isolate microbe from the reinfected animal.