MICROBIOLOGY EXAM 1, CH.1-3 & 7, UTA, DR. THOLEN Questions and answers

MICROBIOLOGY EXAM 1, CH.1-3 & 7, UTA, DR. THOLEN Questions and answers Which of the following foods is NOT made by fermentation? A) Beer B) Bread C) Cheese D) Orange D Who is considered the ''Father of Western medicine''? Hippocrates Who was the first to observe ''animalcules'' under the microscope? Leeuwenhoek Who proposed that swamps might harbor tiny, disease-causing animals too small to see? Varro Which of the following was NOT a kingdom in Linnaeus's taxonomy? A) Animal B) Mineral C) Protist D) Plant C Which of the following is a correct usage of binomial nomenclature? A) Homo Sapiens B) homo sapiens C) Homo sapiens D) Homo Sapiens C Which scientist proposed adding a kingdom for protists? Haeckel Which of the following is NOT a domain in Woese and Fox's phylogentic tree A) Plantae B) Bacteria C) Archaea D) Eukarya A Which of the following types of microorganisms is photosynthetic? A) Yeast B) Virus C) Helminth D) Alga D Which of the following is a prokaryotic microorganism? A) Helminth B) Protozoan C) Cyanobacterium D) Mold C Which of the following is acellular? A) Virus B) Bacterium C) Fungus D) Protozoan A Which of the following is a type of fungal microorganism? A) Bacterium B) Protozoan C) Alga D) Yeast D Thucydides is known as the father of? Scientific history Researchers think that Ötzi the Iceman may have been infected with _____ disease Lyme The process by which microbes turn grape juice into wine is called? Fermentation In bionomial nomenclature, an organism's scientific name includes its _____ and ______ genus and species Whittaker proposed adding the kingdoms ________ and ________ to his phylogenetic tree protista and monera A ______ is a disease-causing microorganism Pathogen Multicellular parasitic worms studied by microbiologists are called? Helminths The study of viruses is Virology The cells of prokaryotic organisms lack a _______ Nucleus Which of the following has the highest energy? A) Light with a long wavelength B) Light with an intermediate wavelength C) Light with a short wavelength D) It is impossible to tell from the information given C You place a specimen under the microscope and notice that parts of the specimen begin to emit light immediately. These materials can be described as ____ A) Fluorescent B) Phosphorescent C) Transparent D) Opaque A Who was the first to describe ''cells'' in a dead cork tissue? A) Hans Janssen B) Zaccharias Janssen C) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek D) Robert Hooke D Who is the probable inventor of the compound microscope? A) Girolamo Fracastoro B) Zaccharias Janssen C) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek D) Robert Hooke B Which would be the best choice for viewing internal structures of a living protist such as a Paramecium? A) A brightfield microscope with a stain B) A brightfield microscope without a stain C) A darkfield microscope D) A trasmission electron microscope C Which type of microscope is especially useful for viewing thick structures such as biofilms? A) A transmission electron microscope B) A scanning electron microscopes C) A phase-contrast microscope D) A confocal scanning laser microscope E) An atomic force microscope D Which type of microscope would be the best choice for viewing very small surface structures of a cell? A) A transmission electron microscope B) A scanning electron microscope C) A brightfield microscope D) A darkfield microscope E) A phase-contrast microscope B What type of microscope uses an annular stop? A) A transmission electron microscope B) A scanning electron microscope C) A brightfield microscope D) A darkfield microscope E) A phase-contrast microscope E What type of microscope uses a cone of light so that light only hits the specimen indirectly, producing a darker image on a brighter background? A) A transmission electron microscope B) A scanning electron microscope C) A brightfield microscope D) A darkfield microscope E) A phase-contrast microscope C What mordant is used in Gram staining? A) Crystal violet B) Safranin C) Acid-alcohol D) Iodine D What is one difference between specimen preparation for a transmission electron microscope(TEM) and preparation for a scanning electron microscope(SEM)? A) Only the TEM specimen requires sputter coating B) Only the SEM specimen requires a sputter coating C) Only the TEM specimen must be dehydrated D) Only the SEM specimen must be dehydrated B When you see light bend as it moves from air into water, you are observing? Refraction A microscope that uses multiple lenses is called a _____ microscope Brightfield Chromophores that absorb and then emit light are called? Fluorochromes In a(n) _______ microscope, a probe located just above the specimen moves up and down in response to forces between the atoms and the tip of the probe Atomic force What is the total magnification of a specimen that is being viewed with a standard ocular lens and a 40x objective lens? 400 Ziehl-Neelsen staining, a type of _______ staining, is a diagnostic for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Acid fast The ______ is used to differentiate bacterial cells based on the components of their cell walls Gram stain Which of the following individuals argued in favor of the theory of spontaneous generation? A) Francesco Redi B) Louis Pasteur C) John Needham D) Lazzaro Spallanzani C Which of the following individuals is credited for definitively refuting the theory of spontaneous generation using broth in swan-neck-flask? A) Aristole B) Jan Baptista van Helmont C) John Needham D) Louis Pasteur D Which of the following scientists experimented with raw meat, maggots, and flies in an attempt to disprove the theory of spontaneous generation? A) Aristole B) Lazzaro Spallanzani C) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek D) Francesco Redi C Which of the following individuals did not contribute to the establishment of cell theory? A) Girolamo Fracastoro B) Matthias Schleiden C) Robert Remak D) Robert Hooke A Whose proposal of the endosymbiotic theory of mitochondrial and chloroplast origin was ultimately accepted by the greater scientific community? A) Rudolf Virchow B) Ignaz Semmelweis C) Lynn Margulis D) Theodor Schwann C Which of the following developed a set of postulates for determining whether a particular disease is caused by a particular pathogen? A) John Snow B) Robert Koch C) Joseph Lister D) Louis Pastuer B Which of the following terms refers to a prokaryotic cell that is comma shaped? A) Coccus B) Coccobacilli C) Vibrio D) Spirillum C Which bacterial structures are important for adherence to surfaces? (Select all that apply) A) Endospores B) Cell walls C) Fimbriae D) Capsules E) Flagella D Which of the following cell wall components is unique to gram-negative cells? A) Lipopolysaccharide B) Teichoic acid C) Mycolic acid D) Peptidoglycan A Which of the following terms refers to a bacterial cell having a single tuft of flagella at one end? A) Monotrichous B) Amphitrichous C) Peritrichous D) Lophotrichous D Bacterial cell walls are primarily composed of which of the following? A) Phospholipid B) Protein C) Carbohydrate D) Peptidoglycan D Which of the following organelles is not part of the endomembrane system? A) Endoplasmic reticulum B) Golgi apparatus C) Lysosome D) Peroxisome D Which type of cytoskeletal fiber is important in the formation of the nuclear lamina? A) Microfilaments B) Intermediate filaments C) Microtubules D) Fibronectin D Sugar groups may be added to proteins in which of the following? A) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum B) Rough endoplasmic reticulum C) Golgi apparatus D) Lysosome C Which of the following structures of a eukaryotic cell is not likely derived from endosymbiotic bacterium? A) Mitochondrial DNA B) Mitochondrial ribosomes C) Inner membrane D) Outer membrane D Which type of nutrient uptake involves the engulfment of small dissolved molecules into vesicles? A) Active transport B) Pinocytosis C) Receptor-mediated endocytosis D) Faciliated diffusion B Which of the following is not composed of microtubules? A) Desmosomes B) Centrioles C) Eukaryotic flagella D) Eukaryotic cilia A T/F Exposure to air is necessary for microbial growth F T/F Mitochondria in eukaryotic cells contain ribosomes that are structurally similar to those found in prokaryotic cells T The assertion that ''life only comes from life'' was stated by Louis Pastuer in regard to his experiments that definitively refuted the theory of ______ Spontaneous generation John Snow is known as the Father of _____________ Epidemiology The _______ theory states that disease may originate from proximity to decomposing matter and is not due to person-to-person contact Miasma The scientist who first described cells was Robert Hooke Prokaryotic cells that are rod-shaped are called Bacilli The type of inclusion containing polymerized inorganic phosphate is called Volutin Peroxisomes typically produce ________, a harsh chemical that helps break down molecules Hydrogen peroxide Microfilaments are composed of? Actin Bacteria as what type of cellular structure? Unicellular Does bacteria have a nucleus? No, It's prokaryotic What cell wall does bacteria have? Peptidoglycan Archaea has what type of cellular structure? Unicellular Does archaea have a nucleus? No, it's prokaryotic What cell wall does archaea have? Pseudo-peptidoglycan Is archaea photosynthetic? Yes Algae has what type of cellular structure? Unicellular or Multicellular Does algae have a nucleus? Yes, It's Eukaryotic What type of cell wall does algae have? Cellulose Is algae photosynthetic? Yes What cellular structure does protozoa have? Unicellular Does protozoa have a nucleus? Yes, it's eukaryotic What type of cell wall does Protozoa have? No wall Is protozoa photosynthetic? No Fungi has what type of cellular structure? Unicellular or Multicellular Does fungi have a nucleus? Yes, it's eukaryotic What type of cell wall does fungi have? Chitin Is fungi photosynthetic? No Helminths have what type of cellular structure? Multicellular Does helminths have a nucleus? Yes, it's eukaryotic What type of cell wall does helminths have? No wall Is helminths photosynthetic? No Prokaryotes include ___ and ___ Bacteria and Archaea Eukaryotes include what four? Algae, protozoa, fungi, and helminths Acellular microbes include viruses and prions