NR 601 MIDTERM EXAM (4 LATEST VERSIONS 2025-2026) EACH VERSION
WITH 100 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES|A
GRADE
Terms in this set (300)
1. Reduced physiological reserve of most body systems, esp. cardiac,
resp, renal.
What are the 3 primary 2. Reduced homeostatic mechanisms that fail to adjust regulatory
physiological changes of aging? systems (i.e. temp control, fluid/lyte balance, etc.).
3. Impaired immunological function (infection risk is greater,
autoimmune dz's more prevalent)
30min/day 5 days/wk of moderate exercise.
What is the preferred amount of
exercise for elderly?
If trying to lose wt: 60min/day.
Group of tests that provide quantifiable measurement of lung
What are PFTs?
function, used to dx resp abnormalities or assess
progression/resolution of lung dz.
What is FEV1? Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (80-120%)
What is FVC? Forced Vital Capacity (80-120%)
What is normal FEV1/FVC ratio? <0.7 (70%)
Mild
What is GOLD 1 criteria?
FEV1 >/= 80% predicted
Moderate
What is GOLD 2 criteria?
FEV1 50-79% predicted
Severe
What is GOLD 3 criteria?
FEV1 30-49% predicted
, Very severe
What is GOLD 4 criteria?
FEV1 <30% predicted
Dyspnea
Chronic cough
What are the signal symptoms of
w/sputum Decreased
COPD?
activity tolerance
Wheezing
Common, preventable, treatable.
Characterized by persistent airflow
limitation.
What are characteristics of COPD?
Usually progressive, associated with enhanced chronic
inflammatory response in airways and lungs to noxious
particles/gases
Airway fibrosis, luminal plugs, airway inflammation, increased
airway resistance, small airway dz.
Decreased elastic recoil of alveoli.
Smoking (increasing w/number of
What are risk factors for COPD? pack years) Second hand smoke
Environmental pollution (endotoxins, coal dust, mineral dust)
May be normal in early states
As severity progresses: lung hyperinflation, decreased breath
What is seen on phys exam in
sounds, wheezes at bases, distant heart tones (b/c of
COPD?
hyperinflation, so S1/S2 sounds off in distance), accessory
muscle use, pursed lip breathing, increased expiratory phase,
neck vein distention.
Spirometry is gold standard (pre and post
How is COPD diagnosed?
bronchodilator). Irreversible airflow limitation is
hallmark.
How is COPD treated? Bronchodilators: beta agonists (long/short), anticholinergics (long/short),
or combo.
Stimulates beta-2-adrenergic receptors, increasing cyclic AMP,
What is the MOA of beta agonists?
resulting in relaxing airways.
WITH 100 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES|A
GRADE
Terms in this set (300)
1. Reduced physiological reserve of most body systems, esp. cardiac,
resp, renal.
What are the 3 primary 2. Reduced homeostatic mechanisms that fail to adjust regulatory
physiological changes of aging? systems (i.e. temp control, fluid/lyte balance, etc.).
3. Impaired immunological function (infection risk is greater,
autoimmune dz's more prevalent)
30min/day 5 days/wk of moderate exercise.
What is the preferred amount of
exercise for elderly?
If trying to lose wt: 60min/day.
Group of tests that provide quantifiable measurement of lung
What are PFTs?
function, used to dx resp abnormalities or assess
progression/resolution of lung dz.
What is FEV1? Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (80-120%)
What is FVC? Forced Vital Capacity (80-120%)
What is normal FEV1/FVC ratio? <0.7 (70%)
Mild
What is GOLD 1 criteria?
FEV1 >/= 80% predicted
Moderate
What is GOLD 2 criteria?
FEV1 50-79% predicted
Severe
What is GOLD 3 criteria?
FEV1 30-49% predicted
, Very severe
What is GOLD 4 criteria?
FEV1 <30% predicted
Dyspnea
Chronic cough
What are the signal symptoms of
w/sputum Decreased
COPD?
activity tolerance
Wheezing
Common, preventable, treatable.
Characterized by persistent airflow
limitation.
What are characteristics of COPD?
Usually progressive, associated with enhanced chronic
inflammatory response in airways and lungs to noxious
particles/gases
Airway fibrosis, luminal plugs, airway inflammation, increased
airway resistance, small airway dz.
Decreased elastic recoil of alveoli.
Smoking (increasing w/number of
What are risk factors for COPD? pack years) Second hand smoke
Environmental pollution (endotoxins, coal dust, mineral dust)
May be normal in early states
As severity progresses: lung hyperinflation, decreased breath
What is seen on phys exam in
sounds, wheezes at bases, distant heart tones (b/c of
COPD?
hyperinflation, so S1/S2 sounds off in distance), accessory
muscle use, pursed lip breathing, increased expiratory phase,
neck vein distention.
Spirometry is gold standard (pre and post
How is COPD diagnosed?
bronchodilator). Irreversible airflow limitation is
hallmark.
How is COPD treated? Bronchodilators: beta agonists (long/short), anticholinergics (long/short),
or combo.
Stimulates beta-2-adrenergic receptors, increasing cyclic AMP,
What is the MOA of beta agonists?
resulting in relaxing airways.
