APHY 102 HEART IVY TECH MID-TERM EXAM| ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS| UPDATE WITH EXPERT FEEDBACK 2025
Terms in this set (177)
Hormones are chemical messengers that are responsible for
What is a hormone and how does it regulation. They are secreted into body fluids, mainly blood. It
act?
has specific actions on target tissues, which are any tissue that
has specific receptors for that particular hormone.
What is a paracrine gland? a secretion that enters interstitial fluid but affects only neighboring cells
What is an autocrine gland? A secretion that only affects the secreting cell.
A gland that secretes a substance (a hormone) into the
What is an endocrine gland?
bloodstream and act on target cells
What is an exocrine gland? A ducted gland that produces a secretion onto a body surface.
Where is the thymus located? mediastinum; behind the sternum
Where is the pineal gland located? center of brain
Where are the abdomen; pelvic
reproductive organs
located?
Where is the pituitary gland sella turcica of the sphenoid bone; base of the brain
located?
Where are the adrenal glands on top of each kidney
located?
Where is the pancreas located? posterior to the stomach
What are the two steroid Sex hormones and adrenal cortex hormones; estrogen and testosterone
hormones?
-diffuse through cell membranes into cytoplasm or nucleus
-combine with a receptor molecule binding to DNA
Describe steroid hormones
-promote transcription of mRNA
-mRNA enters cytoplasm directing protein synthesis
Amines, proteins, peptides, and glycoproteins. The endocrine
gland secretes nonsteroid hormones, which body fluid carries
Describe non-steroid hormones.
hormone to its target cell. Hormone combines with receptor
site on membrane of its target cell, activating G protein.
Cellular changes produce the hormone's effects.
The anterior pituitary becomes an endocrine gland producing
and secreting hormones for the body and connects to the
How is the anterior pituitary gland posterior pituitary when fully formed. Meanwhile, the
different than the posterior posterior pituitary remains connected to the hypothalamus,
pituitary gland? functioning as a repository for hormones produced by the
, hypothalamus and receiving messages from it that regulate
when hormones are to be released to and
through the anterior pituitary
What regulates pituitary gland Hypothalamus
secretion?
Describe tropic hormones stimulate other endocrine glands to release hormones
ACTH - controls manufacture and secretion of certain hormones
from the outer layer of the adrenal gland.
FSH - controls growth and development of follicles that house
egg cells in ovaries and stimulate production of sperm cells in
anterior pituitary hormones the testes.
GH - stimulates cells to enlarge and more rapidly divide
LH - promotes secretion of sex hormones and allows release of
egg cells from ovaries
PRL - promotes milk production
TSH - controls secretion of certain hormones from the thyroid
ADH - reduces volume of water that kidneys secrete
Oxytocin - smooth muscle contraction and allows contraction
posterior pituitary hormones
of the uterus during childbirth and may stimulate the
movement of certain fluids in the male reproductive tract
during sexual activity
Calcitonin - controls blood calcium and phosphate ion
Thyroid hormones concentration Thyroxine(T4) - more prevalent in
circulation
Triiodothyronine(T3) - more potent than T4
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS| UPDATE WITH EXPERT FEEDBACK 2025
Terms in this set (177)
Hormones are chemical messengers that are responsible for
What is a hormone and how does it regulation. They are secreted into body fluids, mainly blood. It
act?
has specific actions on target tissues, which are any tissue that
has specific receptors for that particular hormone.
What is a paracrine gland? a secretion that enters interstitial fluid but affects only neighboring cells
What is an autocrine gland? A secretion that only affects the secreting cell.
A gland that secretes a substance (a hormone) into the
What is an endocrine gland?
bloodstream and act on target cells
What is an exocrine gland? A ducted gland that produces a secretion onto a body surface.
Where is the thymus located? mediastinum; behind the sternum
Where is the pineal gland located? center of brain
Where are the abdomen; pelvic
reproductive organs
located?
Where is the pituitary gland sella turcica of the sphenoid bone; base of the brain
located?
Where are the adrenal glands on top of each kidney
located?
Where is the pancreas located? posterior to the stomach
What are the two steroid Sex hormones and adrenal cortex hormones; estrogen and testosterone
hormones?
-diffuse through cell membranes into cytoplasm or nucleus
-combine with a receptor molecule binding to DNA
Describe steroid hormones
-promote transcription of mRNA
-mRNA enters cytoplasm directing protein synthesis
Amines, proteins, peptides, and glycoproteins. The endocrine
gland secretes nonsteroid hormones, which body fluid carries
Describe non-steroid hormones.
hormone to its target cell. Hormone combines with receptor
site on membrane of its target cell, activating G protein.
Cellular changes produce the hormone's effects.
The anterior pituitary becomes an endocrine gland producing
and secreting hormones for the body and connects to the
How is the anterior pituitary gland posterior pituitary when fully formed. Meanwhile, the
different than the posterior posterior pituitary remains connected to the hypothalamus,
pituitary gland? functioning as a repository for hormones produced by the
, hypothalamus and receiving messages from it that regulate
when hormones are to be released to and
through the anterior pituitary
What regulates pituitary gland Hypothalamus
secretion?
Describe tropic hormones stimulate other endocrine glands to release hormones
ACTH - controls manufacture and secretion of certain hormones
from the outer layer of the adrenal gland.
FSH - controls growth and development of follicles that house
egg cells in ovaries and stimulate production of sperm cells in
anterior pituitary hormones the testes.
GH - stimulates cells to enlarge and more rapidly divide
LH - promotes secretion of sex hormones and allows release of
egg cells from ovaries
PRL - promotes milk production
TSH - controls secretion of certain hormones from the thyroid
ADH - reduces volume of water that kidneys secrete
Oxytocin - smooth muscle contraction and allows contraction
posterior pituitary hormones
of the uterus during childbirth and may stimulate the
movement of certain fluids in the male reproductive tract
during sexual activity
Calcitonin - controls blood calcium and phosphate ion
Thyroid hormones concentration Thyroxine(T4) - more prevalent in
circulation
Triiodothyronine(T3) - more potent than T4
