G202 KREFT EXAMINATION TEST 2 2026 FULL
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ Key Elements of COI Answer: Professional
Private or Personal Interest
Official Duty
◉ Types of COI: Self-Dealing Answer: Use your position to secure
personal benefits
◉ Types of COI: Influence Peddling Answer: Use your position to
secure benefits for a third party (anyone who is not yourself)
◉ Types of COI: Accepting Benefits Answer: Receiving bribes or non-
monetary gifts
◉ Types of COI: Misuse of Outside Info Answer: Misusing
Confidential Information
◉ Types of COI: Misuse of Employer's Property Answer: Personally
gaining from employers property without consent
,◉ Types of COI: Outside Employment / Moonlighting Answer:
Holding multiple employment positions at one time, which biases
professional behavior
◉ Types of COI: Post - Employment Answer: Holding a sequence of
employment positions where you carry a bias from one job to the
next
◉ Petty Corruption Answer: Decisions made by low-level
bureaucrats
-Often centered on local/regional regulations, licenses, or
discretionary spending.
◉ Grand Corruption Answer: Decisions made by high-level
politicians
-Often centered on national policy formation, infrastructure
decisions, military equipment procurement, or allocation of
subsidies.
◉ Prohibitions under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Answer:
prohibits US firms from engaging in grand corruption and limits
petty corruption to only those needed to carry out the daily
operations of business
, ◉ Sand Perception of Corruption (think friction) Answer:
Corruption adds significant cost to doing business and is associated
with the following four economic threats:
1.reduced GDP growth
2.reduced foreign direct investment
3.increased income inequality
4.misallocation of government resources
-Sand slows down the wheels of commerce by creating costly
frictions.
◉ Oil Perception of Corruption (think lubricant) Answer: Corruption
helps to speed up commerce in an environment controlled by heavy
bureaucracy and excessive government regulation
-Oil speeds up the wheels of commerce that have been rusted to a
halt by government
◉ Asian Agri
Develop the major threats facing the palm oil industry, as well as, the
major opportunities for growth. Make sure to state whether you are
optimistic on the future of palm oil, or do you take more of a
pessimistic view? What factors are most responsible for the
optimism/pessimism in the palm oil market? Answer: Threats
-NGO activists
-labor shortages
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ Key Elements of COI Answer: Professional
Private or Personal Interest
Official Duty
◉ Types of COI: Self-Dealing Answer: Use your position to secure
personal benefits
◉ Types of COI: Influence Peddling Answer: Use your position to
secure benefits for a third party (anyone who is not yourself)
◉ Types of COI: Accepting Benefits Answer: Receiving bribes or non-
monetary gifts
◉ Types of COI: Misuse of Outside Info Answer: Misusing
Confidential Information
◉ Types of COI: Misuse of Employer's Property Answer: Personally
gaining from employers property without consent
,◉ Types of COI: Outside Employment / Moonlighting Answer:
Holding multiple employment positions at one time, which biases
professional behavior
◉ Types of COI: Post - Employment Answer: Holding a sequence of
employment positions where you carry a bias from one job to the
next
◉ Petty Corruption Answer: Decisions made by low-level
bureaucrats
-Often centered on local/regional regulations, licenses, or
discretionary spending.
◉ Grand Corruption Answer: Decisions made by high-level
politicians
-Often centered on national policy formation, infrastructure
decisions, military equipment procurement, or allocation of
subsidies.
◉ Prohibitions under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Answer:
prohibits US firms from engaging in grand corruption and limits
petty corruption to only those needed to carry out the daily
operations of business
, ◉ Sand Perception of Corruption (think friction) Answer:
Corruption adds significant cost to doing business and is associated
with the following four economic threats:
1.reduced GDP growth
2.reduced foreign direct investment
3.increased income inequality
4.misallocation of government resources
-Sand slows down the wheels of commerce by creating costly
frictions.
◉ Oil Perception of Corruption (think lubricant) Answer: Corruption
helps to speed up commerce in an environment controlled by heavy
bureaucracy and excessive government regulation
-Oil speeds up the wheels of commerce that have been rusted to a
halt by government
◉ Asian Agri
Develop the major threats facing the palm oil industry, as well as, the
major opportunities for growth. Make sure to state whether you are
optimistic on the future of palm oil, or do you take more of a
pessimistic view? What factors are most responsible for the
optimism/pessimism in the palm oil market? Answer: Threats
-NGO activists
-labor shortages
