Beschrijvende statistiek
bijbel
,Table of Contents
Meetniveaus ............................................................................................................................... 4
Analyses ..................................................................................................................................... 4
Univariate analyses .................................................................................................................... 4
Grafisch beschrijven ............................................................................................................... 5
Numeriek beschrijven ............................................................................................................. 5
Centrum- en spreidingsmaten..................................................................................................... 5
Centrummaten ........................................................................................................................ 6
Spreidingsmaten ..................................................................................................................... 6
Interpreteren standaarddeviatie ........................................................................................... 7
Excel ....................................................................................................................................... 7
Boxplot ................................................................................................................................... 8
Vorm en scheefheid ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- .... 8
Verdelingen met boxplot ........................................................................................................ 8
Relatieve locatie/relatieve scores ---------------------------------------------------------------- ......... 9
Percentielen en percentielscore .............................................................................................. 9
Z-score .................................................................................................................................... 9
Betekenis van de z-score ..................................................................................................... 9
Uitschieters bepalen met boxplot ......................................................................................... 10
Vuistregels aan de hand van Z-scores voor het bepalen van uitschieters ......................... 10
Bivariate statistiek (grafisch) --------------------------------------------------------------------- ....... 10
Samenhang tussen kwalitatieve variabelen ------------------------------------------ ..................... 11
Kruistabel.............................................................................................................................. 11
Samenhangsmaten: sterkte van samenhang .......................................................................... 11
Chi-kwadraat (𝒙𝟐) en expected frequencies (E) ............................................................... 12
Cramérs V ......................................................................................................................... 12
Kendalls rangcorrelatie ..................................................................................................... 13
Spearman rangcorrelatie rs: samenhang ordinale variabelen ............................................ 13
Odds ratio’s: relatieve samenhangsmaat ........................................................................... 13
Samenhang tussen kwalitatieve en kwantitatieve variabelen ................................................... 14
Vergelijking van gemiddelden.............................................................................................. 14
Cohen’s d .............................................................................................................................. 14
Samenhang tussen kwantitatieve variabelen ............................................................................ 15
Pearsoncorrelatie (r) ............................................................................................................. 15
Enkelvoudige regressie-analyse ........................................................................................... 15
2
, Verklaringskrachtmodel: coëfficiënt van determinatie (r2) .............................................. 16
Multivariate statistiek (trivariaat) ............................................................................................. 16
Overzicht conceptuele modellen .......................................................................................... 16
Trivariate statistiek ................................................................................................................... 17
Mediatie-analyse ................................................................................................................... 17
Moderatie-analyse ................................................................................................................ 18
Probleemstelling ....................................................................................................................... 18
Onderzoeksvragen .................................................................................................................... 18
Causale vraagstellingen ........................................................................................................ 18
Analyse gegevens ..................................................................................................................... 19
Interpreteren resultaten/rapporteren conclusies........................................................................ 19
3
bijbel
,Table of Contents
Meetniveaus ............................................................................................................................... 4
Analyses ..................................................................................................................................... 4
Univariate analyses .................................................................................................................... 4
Grafisch beschrijven ............................................................................................................... 5
Numeriek beschrijven ............................................................................................................. 5
Centrum- en spreidingsmaten..................................................................................................... 5
Centrummaten ........................................................................................................................ 6
Spreidingsmaten ..................................................................................................................... 6
Interpreteren standaarddeviatie ........................................................................................... 7
Excel ....................................................................................................................................... 7
Boxplot ................................................................................................................................... 8
Vorm en scheefheid ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- .... 8
Verdelingen met boxplot ........................................................................................................ 8
Relatieve locatie/relatieve scores ---------------------------------------------------------------- ......... 9
Percentielen en percentielscore .............................................................................................. 9
Z-score .................................................................................................................................... 9
Betekenis van de z-score ..................................................................................................... 9
Uitschieters bepalen met boxplot ......................................................................................... 10
Vuistregels aan de hand van Z-scores voor het bepalen van uitschieters ......................... 10
Bivariate statistiek (grafisch) --------------------------------------------------------------------- ....... 10
Samenhang tussen kwalitatieve variabelen ------------------------------------------ ..................... 11
Kruistabel.............................................................................................................................. 11
Samenhangsmaten: sterkte van samenhang .......................................................................... 11
Chi-kwadraat (𝒙𝟐) en expected frequencies (E) ............................................................... 12
Cramérs V ......................................................................................................................... 12
Kendalls rangcorrelatie ..................................................................................................... 13
Spearman rangcorrelatie rs: samenhang ordinale variabelen ............................................ 13
Odds ratio’s: relatieve samenhangsmaat ........................................................................... 13
Samenhang tussen kwalitatieve en kwantitatieve variabelen ................................................... 14
Vergelijking van gemiddelden.............................................................................................. 14
Cohen’s d .............................................................................................................................. 14
Samenhang tussen kwantitatieve variabelen ............................................................................ 15
Pearsoncorrelatie (r) ............................................................................................................. 15
Enkelvoudige regressie-analyse ........................................................................................... 15
2
, Verklaringskrachtmodel: coëfficiënt van determinatie (r2) .............................................. 16
Multivariate statistiek (trivariaat) ............................................................................................. 16
Overzicht conceptuele modellen .......................................................................................... 16
Trivariate statistiek ................................................................................................................... 17
Mediatie-analyse ................................................................................................................... 17
Moderatie-analyse ................................................................................................................ 18
Probleemstelling ....................................................................................................................... 18
Onderzoeksvragen .................................................................................................................... 18
Causale vraagstellingen ........................................................................................................ 18
Analyse gegevens ..................................................................................................................... 19
Interpreteren resultaten/rapporteren conclusies........................................................................ 19
3
