NSG 2600 - CABG Exam Questions
With 100% Verified Answers
CVP (Central Venous Pressure): -
correct answer ✅● Reflects right atrial pressure ~ right heart
preload
● ↑ seen in:
- Cardiac tamponade (pressure on heart impairs effective
contractility leading to "back up" of blood)
- Fluid overload (high preload due to too much fluid)
- R HF / dysfunction (blood not moved effectively through heart,
leading to "back up")
● ↓ seen in:
- Dehydration (less volume = less return to heart / ↓ preload)
- Volume loss (blood or fluid loss) - (same as above)
- Venodilation (pathological or medication induced - causes pooling
of blood, not able to return to R atrium)
PAP (Pulmonary Artery Pressure): -
correct answer ✅● Measure of BP in main pulmonary artery
(reflects measure of right heart function)
,NSG 2600 - CABG Exam Questions
With 100% Verified Answers
● ↑ seen in:
- Atrial / septal defect (hole in heart between atria, ↑ amount of
blood flowing to lungs thereby ↑ pressure)
- Pulmonary HTN (narrowing of blood vessels in / connected to
lungs)
- L Ventricular failure (blood "backing up" in pulmonary artery due
to inability to pump into systemic circulation, causes R heart to beat
harder to attempt to eject blood against pressure from L ventricular
failure)
- Mitral stenosis / regurgitation (narrowing of valve causing ↑ in
pressure [stenosis] / incompetent valve causing blood to flow in
reverse [regurgitation])
Pulmonary Artery Occlusion Pressure (PaOP)
aka:
- Capillary Wedge Pressure (PCWP)
- Pulmonary Arterial Wedge Pressure (PAWP)
- Pulmonary Wedge Pressure (PWP)
- Gonna Make Up My Own Acronym Pressure (GMUMOAP) -
correct answer ✅● Measured by small balloon inserted via
catheter through R atrium → R ventricle, into branch of pulmonary
artery
, NSG 2600 - CABG Exam Questions
With 100% Verified Answers
● Indirect measure of preload to L side of heart
● ↑ seen in:
- Fluid overload
- Aortic stenosis / aortic regurgitation (similar rationale to mitral
stenosis / regurgitation...)
- Mitral stenosis (narrowing causes ↑ pressure / preload on L
heart)
- L ventricular failure (not pumping adequately, ↑ "backed up"
blood)
- Cardiac tamponade (similar rationale to L ventricular failure...)
- Constrictive pericarditis (similar rationale to above two)
● ↓ seen in:
- Hypovolemia
- Vasodilation
Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR): -
correct answer ✅● Pressure from peripheral blood vessels that
heart must overcome to pump blood into circulation
With 100% Verified Answers
CVP (Central Venous Pressure): -
correct answer ✅● Reflects right atrial pressure ~ right heart
preload
● ↑ seen in:
- Cardiac tamponade (pressure on heart impairs effective
contractility leading to "back up" of blood)
- Fluid overload (high preload due to too much fluid)
- R HF / dysfunction (blood not moved effectively through heart,
leading to "back up")
● ↓ seen in:
- Dehydration (less volume = less return to heart / ↓ preload)
- Volume loss (blood or fluid loss) - (same as above)
- Venodilation (pathological or medication induced - causes pooling
of blood, not able to return to R atrium)
PAP (Pulmonary Artery Pressure): -
correct answer ✅● Measure of BP in main pulmonary artery
(reflects measure of right heart function)
,NSG 2600 - CABG Exam Questions
With 100% Verified Answers
● ↑ seen in:
- Atrial / septal defect (hole in heart between atria, ↑ amount of
blood flowing to lungs thereby ↑ pressure)
- Pulmonary HTN (narrowing of blood vessels in / connected to
lungs)
- L Ventricular failure (blood "backing up" in pulmonary artery due
to inability to pump into systemic circulation, causes R heart to beat
harder to attempt to eject blood against pressure from L ventricular
failure)
- Mitral stenosis / regurgitation (narrowing of valve causing ↑ in
pressure [stenosis] / incompetent valve causing blood to flow in
reverse [regurgitation])
Pulmonary Artery Occlusion Pressure (PaOP)
aka:
- Capillary Wedge Pressure (PCWP)
- Pulmonary Arterial Wedge Pressure (PAWP)
- Pulmonary Wedge Pressure (PWP)
- Gonna Make Up My Own Acronym Pressure (GMUMOAP) -
correct answer ✅● Measured by small balloon inserted via
catheter through R atrium → R ventricle, into branch of pulmonary
artery
, NSG 2600 - CABG Exam Questions
With 100% Verified Answers
● Indirect measure of preload to L side of heart
● ↑ seen in:
- Fluid overload
- Aortic stenosis / aortic regurgitation (similar rationale to mitral
stenosis / regurgitation...)
- Mitral stenosis (narrowing causes ↑ pressure / preload on L
heart)
- L ventricular failure (not pumping adequately, ↑ "backed up"
blood)
- Cardiac tamponade (similar rationale to L ventricular failure...)
- Constrictive pericarditis (similar rationale to above two)
● ↓ seen in:
- Hypovolemia
- Vasodilation
Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR): -
correct answer ✅● Pressure from peripheral blood vessels that
heart must overcome to pump blood into circulation
