BCS 205 Human Physiology EXAM 1 Questions Well Answered Latest 2025
What is a Biomolecule? - Answers biochemicals that have a biological function
What are the 4 major Biomolecules? - Answers carbohydrates
lipids
proteins
nucleotides
What are the functions of Biomolecules? - Answers energy in food fuel body
What are the main types of chemical bonds? - Answers ionic & covalent
Anabolic vs Catabolic - Answers a: negative-reaction creates more chemical bonds
c: positive- increase reaction rate by lowering activation energy
Hydrophobic vs. Hydrophillic - Answers phobic- water hating
phillic- water loving
Are the following molecules polar/non-polar? - Answers carbohydrates-polar
water-polar
oxygen-polar
proteins-depends on r group
lipids- non-polar
phospholipids- polar head, non-polar tail
Polar - Answers p: equal number of protons and electrons but now the electrons are shared
which creates and unequal distribution of charges
Non-polar - Answers 2 non-metals have the same electronegativity, they both tug on electrons &
share them equally
Function of Carbohydrates - Answers insulation; cushions organs
Function of Proteins - Answers building blocks, work horse, neurotransmitters, hormones
Function of Lipids - Answers fatty cushion
Normal Blood Sugar Range - Answers 60-100 for glucose
, What is main source of energy for human body? - Answers glucose
Where is glycogen stored? - Answers liver & muscles
What carries oxygen around the body? - Answers hemoglobin
Where is tRNA located? - Answers cytosol
When is tRNA used? - Answers translation
What does transcription do? - Answers relay DNA to cytosol by mRNA
What does mRNA do? - Answers moves info to ribosome in cytosol after transcription
GAG vs GTG - Answers T= Valene; abnormal nucleotide base
What are the components of Negative Feedback Loop? - Answers temperature, stimulus,
receptors, control center, effectors, & effect
What are the components of Positive Feedback Loop? - Answers allows the process to continue
until the process completely finished, then it stops.
Ex. childbirth & stopping bleeding
What is intracellular fluid? - Answers fluid inside of the cell
What is Extracellular Fluid? - Answers fluid outside of the cell
What are the two types of extracellular fluid and how much do they consist of? - Answers
interstitial 80%
plasma/lymph 20%
What does the parent genes have to be in order to be a carrier of a trait? - Answers
heterozygous
Sickle Cell Anemia - Answers mode of transmission-autosomal; partial/complete
mostly recessive
What are the 1-22 chromosomes called in DNA? - Answers autosomes or body cells
What are the last set of chromosomes in DNA called? - Answers sex chromosomes
What is a gene? - Answers a sequence of DNA that codes for a specific trait
What is a karyotype? - Answers A picture of all 46 chromosomes
How many chromosomes are in a Diploid Cell? - Answers 46
What is a Biomolecule? - Answers biochemicals that have a biological function
What are the 4 major Biomolecules? - Answers carbohydrates
lipids
proteins
nucleotides
What are the functions of Biomolecules? - Answers energy in food fuel body
What are the main types of chemical bonds? - Answers ionic & covalent
Anabolic vs Catabolic - Answers a: negative-reaction creates more chemical bonds
c: positive- increase reaction rate by lowering activation energy
Hydrophobic vs. Hydrophillic - Answers phobic- water hating
phillic- water loving
Are the following molecules polar/non-polar? - Answers carbohydrates-polar
water-polar
oxygen-polar
proteins-depends on r group
lipids- non-polar
phospholipids- polar head, non-polar tail
Polar - Answers p: equal number of protons and electrons but now the electrons are shared
which creates and unequal distribution of charges
Non-polar - Answers 2 non-metals have the same electronegativity, they both tug on electrons &
share them equally
Function of Carbohydrates - Answers insulation; cushions organs
Function of Proteins - Answers building blocks, work horse, neurotransmitters, hormones
Function of Lipids - Answers fatty cushion
Normal Blood Sugar Range - Answers 60-100 for glucose
, What is main source of energy for human body? - Answers glucose
Where is glycogen stored? - Answers liver & muscles
What carries oxygen around the body? - Answers hemoglobin
Where is tRNA located? - Answers cytosol
When is tRNA used? - Answers translation
What does transcription do? - Answers relay DNA to cytosol by mRNA
What does mRNA do? - Answers moves info to ribosome in cytosol after transcription
GAG vs GTG - Answers T= Valene; abnormal nucleotide base
What are the components of Negative Feedback Loop? - Answers temperature, stimulus,
receptors, control center, effectors, & effect
What are the components of Positive Feedback Loop? - Answers allows the process to continue
until the process completely finished, then it stops.
Ex. childbirth & stopping bleeding
What is intracellular fluid? - Answers fluid inside of the cell
What is Extracellular Fluid? - Answers fluid outside of the cell
What are the two types of extracellular fluid and how much do they consist of? - Answers
interstitial 80%
plasma/lymph 20%
What does the parent genes have to be in order to be a carrier of a trait? - Answers
heterozygous
Sickle Cell Anemia - Answers mode of transmission-autosomal; partial/complete
mostly recessive
What are the 1-22 chromosomes called in DNA? - Answers autosomes or body cells
What are the last set of chromosomes in DNA called? - Answers sex chromosomes
What is a gene? - Answers a sequence of DNA that codes for a specific trait
What is a karyotype? - Answers A picture of all 46 chromosomes
How many chromosomes are in a Diploid Cell? - Answers 46
