Test Bank for Biological Science All
Chapters.
Cell Theory - answers Claims that all organisms consist of cells.
Scientific Theory - answers An explanation for a very general phenomenon or
observation.
Scientific Hypothesis - answers A more specific explanation for observations compared
to a theory.
Caulerpa - answers A genus of algae that typically grows to a length of over half a
meter and consists of a single cell.
Spontaneous Generation - answers The formation of living cells from previously
nonliving material.
Heritable Variation - answers A variation that can be passed down through generations,
such as red hair.
Artificial Selection - answers Selection based on conscious choices made by humans.
Natural Selection - answers The process by which populations evolve over time based
on heritable variation.
Staphylococcus Aureus - answers An infectious wound bacterium that has evolved
resistance to most antibiotics.
Antibiotic Resistance - answers The ability of bacteria to survive and reproduce despite
the presence of antibiotics.
Nonresistant Forms - answers Bacterial forms that are susceptible to antibiotics.
Resistance Forms - answers Bacterial forms that can survive antibiotic treatment.
Mendelian Genetics - answers The study of how traits are inherited through
generations.
Gene Expression - answers The process by which information from a gene is used to
synthesize a functional gene product.
Eukaryotes - answers Organisms whose cells contain a nucleus and other organelles
enclosed within membranes.
,Prokaryotes - answers Single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus and membrane-
bound organelles.
Photosynthesis - answers The process by which green plants and some other
organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods with the help of chlorophyll.
Cellular Respiration - answers The process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen
into energy, carbon dioxide, and water.
Biodiversity - answers The variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or
ecosystem.
Ecology - answers The branch of biology that deals with the relationships of organisms
to one another and to their physical surroundings.
Evolution - answers The change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations
over successive generations.
Phylogeny - answers The study of the evolutionary history and relationships among
individuals or groups of organisms.
Speciation - answers The formation of new and distinct species in the course of
evolution.
Plant Nutrition - answers The study of how plants obtain and utilize nutrients for growth.
Animal Nutrition - answers The study of how animals obtain and utilize nutrients for
survival.
Gas Exchange - answers The process of exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide
between an organism and its environment.
Animal Movement - answers The ability of animals to change their position or location.
Chemical Signals in Animals - answers Molecules that are used for communication
between cells and organisms.
Immune System - answers The body's defense system against infectious organisms
and other invaders.
Evolutionary Change - answers Genetic changes in a population over time.
Global Warming - answers Long-term rise in Earth's average temperature.
Capsaicin - answers Molecule responsible for chili pepper heat.
, Phylogenetic Tree - answers Diagram showing evolutionary relationships among
species.
Common Ancestor - answers Most recent species from which others evolved.
Monophyletic Group - answers Includes a common ancestor and all descendants.
Linnaean Classification - answers Hierarchical system for classifying organisms.
Nodes - answers Points on a phylogenetic tree representing ancestors.
Branch Points - answers Indicate divergence of species on a tree.
Five-Kingdom System - answers Classification system that became outdated.
Bacteria - answers Single-celled microorganisms without a nucleus.
Archaea - answers Microorganisms similar to bacteria but genetically distinct.
Eukarya - answers Organisms with complex cells containing a nucleus.
Adaptations - answers Traits enhancing survival and reproduction in environments.
Environmental Change - answers Alterations in habitat affecting organism survival.
Frequency Increase - answers Higher occurrence of beneficial traits in a population.
Heritable Variation Importance - answers Essential for evolution and natural selection
processes.
Species Range Expansion - answers Species spreading into new geographic areas.
Mitochondrial DNA - answers DNA found in mitochondria, inherited maternally.
SSU RNA - answers Molecule used to study evolutionary relationships.
Evolutionary Relationships - answers Connections between species based on ancestry.
Costly Adaptations - answers Traits that incur high energy or resource costs.
Chili Pepper Breeding - answers Process of selecting for specific capsaicin levels.
Brassica Oleracea - answers Wild mustard species from which many crops derive.
Species Similarity - answers Genetic closeness indicating shared evolutionary history.
Chapters.
Cell Theory - answers Claims that all organisms consist of cells.
Scientific Theory - answers An explanation for a very general phenomenon or
observation.
Scientific Hypothesis - answers A more specific explanation for observations compared
to a theory.
Caulerpa - answers A genus of algae that typically grows to a length of over half a
meter and consists of a single cell.
Spontaneous Generation - answers The formation of living cells from previously
nonliving material.
Heritable Variation - answers A variation that can be passed down through generations,
such as red hair.
Artificial Selection - answers Selection based on conscious choices made by humans.
Natural Selection - answers The process by which populations evolve over time based
on heritable variation.
Staphylococcus Aureus - answers An infectious wound bacterium that has evolved
resistance to most antibiotics.
Antibiotic Resistance - answers The ability of bacteria to survive and reproduce despite
the presence of antibiotics.
Nonresistant Forms - answers Bacterial forms that are susceptible to antibiotics.
Resistance Forms - answers Bacterial forms that can survive antibiotic treatment.
Mendelian Genetics - answers The study of how traits are inherited through
generations.
Gene Expression - answers The process by which information from a gene is used to
synthesize a functional gene product.
Eukaryotes - answers Organisms whose cells contain a nucleus and other organelles
enclosed within membranes.
,Prokaryotes - answers Single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus and membrane-
bound organelles.
Photosynthesis - answers The process by which green plants and some other
organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods with the help of chlorophyll.
Cellular Respiration - answers The process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen
into energy, carbon dioxide, and water.
Biodiversity - answers The variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or
ecosystem.
Ecology - answers The branch of biology that deals with the relationships of organisms
to one another and to their physical surroundings.
Evolution - answers The change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations
over successive generations.
Phylogeny - answers The study of the evolutionary history and relationships among
individuals or groups of organisms.
Speciation - answers The formation of new and distinct species in the course of
evolution.
Plant Nutrition - answers The study of how plants obtain and utilize nutrients for growth.
Animal Nutrition - answers The study of how animals obtain and utilize nutrients for
survival.
Gas Exchange - answers The process of exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide
between an organism and its environment.
Animal Movement - answers The ability of animals to change their position or location.
Chemical Signals in Animals - answers Molecules that are used for communication
between cells and organisms.
Immune System - answers The body's defense system against infectious organisms
and other invaders.
Evolutionary Change - answers Genetic changes in a population over time.
Global Warming - answers Long-term rise in Earth's average temperature.
Capsaicin - answers Molecule responsible for chili pepper heat.
, Phylogenetic Tree - answers Diagram showing evolutionary relationships among
species.
Common Ancestor - answers Most recent species from which others evolved.
Monophyletic Group - answers Includes a common ancestor and all descendants.
Linnaean Classification - answers Hierarchical system for classifying organisms.
Nodes - answers Points on a phylogenetic tree representing ancestors.
Branch Points - answers Indicate divergence of species on a tree.
Five-Kingdom System - answers Classification system that became outdated.
Bacteria - answers Single-celled microorganisms without a nucleus.
Archaea - answers Microorganisms similar to bacteria but genetically distinct.
Eukarya - answers Organisms with complex cells containing a nucleus.
Adaptations - answers Traits enhancing survival and reproduction in environments.
Environmental Change - answers Alterations in habitat affecting organism survival.
Frequency Increase - answers Higher occurrence of beneficial traits in a population.
Heritable Variation Importance - answers Essential for evolution and natural selection
processes.
Species Range Expansion - answers Species spreading into new geographic areas.
Mitochondrial DNA - answers DNA found in mitochondria, inherited maternally.
SSU RNA - answers Molecule used to study evolutionary relationships.
Evolutionary Relationships - answers Connections between species based on ancestry.
Costly Adaptations - answers Traits that incur high energy or resource costs.
Chili Pepper Breeding - answers Process of selecting for specific capsaicin levels.
Brassica Oleracea - answers Wild mustard species from which many crops derive.
Species Similarity - answers Genetic closeness indicating shared evolutionary history.
