UPDATED ATI FUNDAMENTALS
PROCTORED EXAM | QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS {WITH RATIONALES} |
LATEST UPDATED 2026
1. A nurse is teaching an assistive personnel (AP) about proper hand hygiene. Which of the
following statements by the AP indicates an understanding of the teaching?
A. “There are times I should use soap and water rather than an alcohol-based rub to clean
my hands.”
-While alcohol-based hand rubs are as effective as soap and water in providing proper hand
hygiene, the Centers Disease Control and Prevention recommend washing hands with soap and
water at certain times, such as when the hands are visibly soiled with dirt or body fluids.
B. “I will use cold water when I wash my hands to protect my skin from becoming dry.”
-Incorrect: Hand hygiene should be performed with warm water, which preserves the
protective oil of the skin better than hot water.
C. “I will apply friction for at least 10 seconds while washing my hands.”
-Incorrect: Friction is required to loosen and remove dirt and pathogens from the hands. To be
effective, friction should be applied for at least 15 to 20 seconds.
D. “After washing my hands, I will dry them from the elbows down.”
-Incorrect: Drying should be performed from the cleanest area (fingertips) to the least clean
area (forearms) to prevent contamination of the newly cleaned hands.
2. A nurse on a rehabilitation unit is preparing to transfer a client who is unable to walk from a
bed to a wheelchair. Which of the following techniques should the nurse use?
A. Stand toward the client‟s stronger side.
-Incorrect: Safely transferring a client from a bed to a wheelchair requires the nurse to stand in
front of the client toward the side that requires the most support. This technique will help
maintain balance during the transfer.
B. Instruct the client to lean backward from the hips.
-Incorrect: Safely transferring a client from a bed to a wheelchair requires the nurse to
instruct the client to lean forward from the hips. This technique positions the client in the proper
, direction of the movement.
C. Place the wheelchair at a 45-degree angle to the bed.
-Positioning the wheelchair at a 45-degree angle allows the client to pivot, lessening the amount
of rotation required.
D. Assume a narrow stance with the feet 15 cm (6 in) apart.
-Incorrect: Safely transferring a client from a bed to a wheelchair requires the nurse to assume
a wide stance with one foot in front of the other. This technique protects the nurse from losing
balance during the transfer.
3. A nurse is planning to collect a stool specimen for ova and parasites from a client who has
diarrhea. Which of the following actions should the nurse take when collecting the specimen?
A. Instruct the client to defecate into the toilet bowl
-Incorrect: The nurse should have the client defecate into a bedpan or a container for stool
collection. The toilet water can dilute and contaminate the liquid specimen.
B. Transfer the specimen to a sterile container
-Incorrect: The nurse should place the stool specimen in a clean container using a tongue
depressor.
C. Refrigerate the collected specimen
-Incorrect: The nurse should send the collected stool specimen immediately to the laboratory
after labeling the specimen properly to prevent contamination with microorganisms and keep the
specimen from getting cold.
D. Place the stool specimen collection container in a biohazard bag
-The nurse should place the specimen collection container in a biohazard bag with the client
label on the container and the bag for easy identification. This will also prevent contamination
with microorganisms.
4. A nurse is caring for a client who has a tracheostomy and requires suctioning. Which of the
following actions should the nurse take?
A. Hyper oxygenate the client before suctioning
-The nurse should use a manual resuscitation bag to hyper oxygenate the client for several
minutes prior to suctioning.
B. Insert the catheter during exhalation
-Incorrect: The nurse should insert the catheter during inhalation
,C. Apply suction during insertion of the catheter
-Incorrect: Applying suction while inserting the catheter increases the risk of damage to the
tracheal mucosa and removes oxygen from the airways.
D. Apply suction for no more than 15 secs
-Incorrect: The nurse should apply suction for no more than 10 seconds
5. A nurse is providing teaching to a client regarding protein intake. Which of the following
foods should the nurse include as an example of an incomplete protein?
A. Eggs
-Incorrect: this is a complete protein, contains all of the essential amino acids necessary for
the synthesis of protein in the body.
B. Soybeans
-Incorrect: this is a complete protein, contains all of the essential amino acids necessary for
the synthesis of protein in the body.
, C. Lentils
-Incomplete proteins are missing 1 or more of the essential amino acids necessary for the
synthesis of protein in the body. Examples of incomplete proteins include lentils, vegetables,
grains, nuts, and seeds.
D. Yogurt
-Incorrect: this is a complete protein, contains all of the essential amino acids necessary for
the synthesis of protein in the body.
6. A nurse is caring for a client who was admitted to a long-term care facility for rehabilitation
after a total hip arthroplasty. At which of the following times should the nurse begin discharge
planning?
A. One week prior to the client‟s discharge
-Incorrect: Beginning to plan for the client‟s discharge a week prior to the event might not
allow sufficient time for planning. The nurse should begin discharge planning at the time of
admission.
B. Upon the client‟s admission to the care facility
-The nurse should begin discharge planning at the time that the client is admitted to the facility.
C. Once the discharge date is identified
-Incorrect: Beginning to plan for the client‟s discharge once the discharge date is identified
might not allow sufficient time for planning. The nurse should begin discharge planning at the
time of admission.
D. When the client addresses the topic with the nurse
-Incorrect: Beginning to plan for the client‟s discharge once the discharge date is identified
might not allow sufficient time for planning. The nurse should begin discharge planning at the
time of admission.
7. A nurse is preparing to administer a cleansing enema to a client. Which of the following
actions should the nurse plan to take?
A. Insert the rectal tube 15.2 cm (6 in)
-Incorrect: The nurse should insert the rectal tube 7 to 10 cm (3 to 4 in)
B. Wear sterile gloves to insert the tubing
PROCTORED EXAM | QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS {WITH RATIONALES} |
LATEST UPDATED 2026
1. A nurse is teaching an assistive personnel (AP) about proper hand hygiene. Which of the
following statements by the AP indicates an understanding of the teaching?
A. “There are times I should use soap and water rather than an alcohol-based rub to clean
my hands.”
-While alcohol-based hand rubs are as effective as soap and water in providing proper hand
hygiene, the Centers Disease Control and Prevention recommend washing hands with soap and
water at certain times, such as when the hands are visibly soiled with dirt or body fluids.
B. “I will use cold water when I wash my hands to protect my skin from becoming dry.”
-Incorrect: Hand hygiene should be performed with warm water, which preserves the
protective oil of the skin better than hot water.
C. “I will apply friction for at least 10 seconds while washing my hands.”
-Incorrect: Friction is required to loosen and remove dirt and pathogens from the hands. To be
effective, friction should be applied for at least 15 to 20 seconds.
D. “After washing my hands, I will dry them from the elbows down.”
-Incorrect: Drying should be performed from the cleanest area (fingertips) to the least clean
area (forearms) to prevent contamination of the newly cleaned hands.
2. A nurse on a rehabilitation unit is preparing to transfer a client who is unable to walk from a
bed to a wheelchair. Which of the following techniques should the nurse use?
A. Stand toward the client‟s stronger side.
-Incorrect: Safely transferring a client from a bed to a wheelchair requires the nurse to stand in
front of the client toward the side that requires the most support. This technique will help
maintain balance during the transfer.
B. Instruct the client to lean backward from the hips.
-Incorrect: Safely transferring a client from a bed to a wheelchair requires the nurse to
instruct the client to lean forward from the hips. This technique positions the client in the proper
, direction of the movement.
C. Place the wheelchair at a 45-degree angle to the bed.
-Positioning the wheelchair at a 45-degree angle allows the client to pivot, lessening the amount
of rotation required.
D. Assume a narrow stance with the feet 15 cm (6 in) apart.
-Incorrect: Safely transferring a client from a bed to a wheelchair requires the nurse to assume
a wide stance with one foot in front of the other. This technique protects the nurse from losing
balance during the transfer.
3. A nurse is planning to collect a stool specimen for ova and parasites from a client who has
diarrhea. Which of the following actions should the nurse take when collecting the specimen?
A. Instruct the client to defecate into the toilet bowl
-Incorrect: The nurse should have the client defecate into a bedpan or a container for stool
collection. The toilet water can dilute and contaminate the liquid specimen.
B. Transfer the specimen to a sterile container
-Incorrect: The nurse should place the stool specimen in a clean container using a tongue
depressor.
C. Refrigerate the collected specimen
-Incorrect: The nurse should send the collected stool specimen immediately to the laboratory
after labeling the specimen properly to prevent contamination with microorganisms and keep the
specimen from getting cold.
D. Place the stool specimen collection container in a biohazard bag
-The nurse should place the specimen collection container in a biohazard bag with the client
label on the container and the bag for easy identification. This will also prevent contamination
with microorganisms.
4. A nurse is caring for a client who has a tracheostomy and requires suctioning. Which of the
following actions should the nurse take?
A. Hyper oxygenate the client before suctioning
-The nurse should use a manual resuscitation bag to hyper oxygenate the client for several
minutes prior to suctioning.
B. Insert the catheter during exhalation
-Incorrect: The nurse should insert the catheter during inhalation
,C. Apply suction during insertion of the catheter
-Incorrect: Applying suction while inserting the catheter increases the risk of damage to the
tracheal mucosa and removes oxygen from the airways.
D. Apply suction for no more than 15 secs
-Incorrect: The nurse should apply suction for no more than 10 seconds
5. A nurse is providing teaching to a client regarding protein intake. Which of the following
foods should the nurse include as an example of an incomplete protein?
A. Eggs
-Incorrect: this is a complete protein, contains all of the essential amino acids necessary for
the synthesis of protein in the body.
B. Soybeans
-Incorrect: this is a complete protein, contains all of the essential amino acids necessary for
the synthesis of protein in the body.
, C. Lentils
-Incomplete proteins are missing 1 or more of the essential amino acids necessary for the
synthesis of protein in the body. Examples of incomplete proteins include lentils, vegetables,
grains, nuts, and seeds.
D. Yogurt
-Incorrect: this is a complete protein, contains all of the essential amino acids necessary for
the synthesis of protein in the body.
6. A nurse is caring for a client who was admitted to a long-term care facility for rehabilitation
after a total hip arthroplasty. At which of the following times should the nurse begin discharge
planning?
A. One week prior to the client‟s discharge
-Incorrect: Beginning to plan for the client‟s discharge a week prior to the event might not
allow sufficient time for planning. The nurse should begin discharge planning at the time of
admission.
B. Upon the client‟s admission to the care facility
-The nurse should begin discharge planning at the time that the client is admitted to the facility.
C. Once the discharge date is identified
-Incorrect: Beginning to plan for the client‟s discharge once the discharge date is identified
might not allow sufficient time for planning. The nurse should begin discharge planning at the
time of admission.
D. When the client addresses the topic with the nurse
-Incorrect: Beginning to plan for the client‟s discharge once the discharge date is identified
might not allow sufficient time for planning. The nurse should begin discharge planning at the
time of admission.
7. A nurse is preparing to administer a cleansing enema to a client. Which of the following
actions should the nurse plan to take?
A. Insert the rectal tube 15.2 cm (6 in)
-Incorrect: The nurse should insert the rectal tube 7 to 10 cm (3 to 4 in)
B. Wear sterile gloves to insert the tubing
