Jean Piaget Correct Answer: Four stage theory of cognitive development: 1.
sensorimotor, 2. preoperational, 3. concrete operational, and 4. formal
operational. He said that the two basic processes work in tandem to achieve
cognitive growth-assimilation and accomodation
Assimilation Correct Answer: occurs when we modify or change new information
to fit into our schemas.
Accommodation Correct Answer: when we restructure of modify what we already
know (schemas) so that new information can fit in better.
Schema Correct Answer: Images/ideas in head that we already know. Includes
both a category of knowledge and the process of obtaining that knowledge. As
experiences happen, this new information is used to modify, add to, or change
previously existing schemas.
Piaget's stages of cognitive development Correct Answer: Sensorimotor,
preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational
Sensorimotor Correct Answer: in Piaget's theory, the stage (from birth to about 2
years of age) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their
sensory impressions and motor activities
Sensorimotor - Reflex Acts Correct Answer: The first month of an infant's life
where they act reflexively. (Ex. If you brush over a babies mouth with your finger
they will suck instinctively)
Sensorimotor - Primary Circular Reactions Correct Answer: Actions for the babies
(1-4 months) pleasurable stimulation (Ex. kicking legs, sucking thumb, and
wiggling fingers)
, Sensorimotor - Secondary Circular Reactions Correct Answer: Babies from 4-8
months repeat pleasurable actions with their own bodies and objects (Ex. An
infant shaking a rattle because they like the sound)
Sensorimotor - Co-ordinating Secondary Schemes Correct Answer: A baby from 8-
12 months uses their acquired knowledge of actions that they like to reach a goal
(Ex. babies will move an object out of the way to reach a rattle that they like)
Sensorimotor - Tertiary Circular Reactions Correct Answer: Intentional
adaptations to specific situations. (Ex. can take apart AND put objects back
together - blocks and nesting cups)
Sensorimotor - Symbolic Thought Correct Answer: Can form mental
representations of objects that are not actually present (Ex. Object Permanence)
Preoperational Correct Answer: in Piaget's theory, the stage (from about 2 to 6 or
7 years of age) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet
comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic
Concrete operational Correct Answer: in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive
development (from about 6 or 7 to 11 years of age) during which children gain the
mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events
Formal operations Correct Answer: in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive
development (normally beginning about age 11) during which people begin to
think logically about abstract concepts
Lev Vygotsky Correct Answer: child development; investigated how culture &
interpersonal communication guide development; zone of proximal development;
play research
Zone of proximal development Correct Answer: Learning occurs in the zone of
proximal development: the space or zone where children's learning and
development takes place at one end of the ZPD.
Scaffolding Correct Answer: the support for learning and problem solving that
encourages independence and growth
sensorimotor, 2. preoperational, 3. concrete operational, and 4. formal
operational. He said that the two basic processes work in tandem to achieve
cognitive growth-assimilation and accomodation
Assimilation Correct Answer: occurs when we modify or change new information
to fit into our schemas.
Accommodation Correct Answer: when we restructure of modify what we already
know (schemas) so that new information can fit in better.
Schema Correct Answer: Images/ideas in head that we already know. Includes
both a category of knowledge and the process of obtaining that knowledge. As
experiences happen, this new information is used to modify, add to, or change
previously existing schemas.
Piaget's stages of cognitive development Correct Answer: Sensorimotor,
preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational
Sensorimotor Correct Answer: in Piaget's theory, the stage (from birth to about 2
years of age) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their
sensory impressions and motor activities
Sensorimotor - Reflex Acts Correct Answer: The first month of an infant's life
where they act reflexively. (Ex. If you brush over a babies mouth with your finger
they will suck instinctively)
Sensorimotor - Primary Circular Reactions Correct Answer: Actions for the babies
(1-4 months) pleasurable stimulation (Ex. kicking legs, sucking thumb, and
wiggling fingers)
, Sensorimotor - Secondary Circular Reactions Correct Answer: Babies from 4-8
months repeat pleasurable actions with their own bodies and objects (Ex. An
infant shaking a rattle because they like the sound)
Sensorimotor - Co-ordinating Secondary Schemes Correct Answer: A baby from 8-
12 months uses their acquired knowledge of actions that they like to reach a goal
(Ex. babies will move an object out of the way to reach a rattle that they like)
Sensorimotor - Tertiary Circular Reactions Correct Answer: Intentional
adaptations to specific situations. (Ex. can take apart AND put objects back
together - blocks and nesting cups)
Sensorimotor - Symbolic Thought Correct Answer: Can form mental
representations of objects that are not actually present (Ex. Object Permanence)
Preoperational Correct Answer: in Piaget's theory, the stage (from about 2 to 6 or
7 years of age) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet
comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic
Concrete operational Correct Answer: in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive
development (from about 6 or 7 to 11 years of age) during which children gain the
mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events
Formal operations Correct Answer: in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive
development (normally beginning about age 11) during which people begin to
think logically about abstract concepts
Lev Vygotsky Correct Answer: child development; investigated how culture &
interpersonal communication guide development; zone of proximal development;
play research
Zone of proximal development Correct Answer: Learning occurs in the zone of
proximal development: the space or zone where children's learning and
development takes place at one end of the ZPD.
Scaffolding Correct Answer: the support for learning and problem solving that
encourages independence and growth
