APPLYING QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN
HEALTHCARE: A SYSTEMS APPROACH.
EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS. VERIFIED 2025/2026.
Organization - ANS A structured system designed to accomplish a goal or set of goals
Quality - ANS The degree to which health services for individuals and populations increase
the likelihood of desired health outcomes and are consistent with current professional
knowledge
Key Components of Quality - ANS Safe, effective, patient centered, timely, efficient, and
equitable.
Patient safety - ANS Prevention of harm to patients
Reliability - ANS Measurable ability of a health-related process, procedure, or service to
perform its intended functions required time under commonly occuring conditions
In the 1970s, Avedis Donabedian's work influenced what medical paradigm? - ANS Defining
and measuring quality
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, What did Avedis Donabedian introduce in the 1980s? (i.e. What two essential components) -
ANS The technical and the interpersonal that comprise quality medical care.
Avedis Donabedian identified three ways to measure quality. What are they? - ANS Structure,
process, and outcome
According to Avedis Donabedian's work: "Process" of care is defined as: - ANS A set of
activities that go within and between practitioners and patients
According to Avedis Donabedian's work: "Structure" is defined as: - ANS The relatively stable
characteristics of the providers of care, of the tools and resources they have at their disposal,
and of the physical organizational settings in which they work
According to Avedis Donabedian's work: "Outcome" is defined as: - ANS A change in a
patient's current and future health status that can be attributed to antecedent health-care
Patient Experience - ANS A patient's or enrollee's report of observations of and participation
in health care, or assessment of any resulting change in their health
What is the order of Avedis Donabedian's work, and why are they linked this way? -
ANS Structure-Process-Outcome
Process of Care does not signify quality unless desired health outcomes are reached. Structure
increases or decreases the probability of good performance. And, outcome is the change in the
current and future health status of patients which is attributed to antecedent healthcare
High-Reliability Organizations - ANS Organizations with systems in place that are
exceptionally consistent in accomplishing their goals and avoiding potentially catastrophic errors
Quality Control (QC) - ANS The operational techniques and activities used to fulfill
requirements for quality
Quality Assurance (QA) - ANS Actions performed to eliminate defective outputs
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
HEALTHCARE: A SYSTEMS APPROACH.
EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS. VERIFIED 2025/2026.
Organization - ANS A structured system designed to accomplish a goal or set of goals
Quality - ANS The degree to which health services for individuals and populations increase
the likelihood of desired health outcomes and are consistent with current professional
knowledge
Key Components of Quality - ANS Safe, effective, patient centered, timely, efficient, and
equitable.
Patient safety - ANS Prevention of harm to patients
Reliability - ANS Measurable ability of a health-related process, procedure, or service to
perform its intended functions required time under commonly occuring conditions
In the 1970s, Avedis Donabedian's work influenced what medical paradigm? - ANS Defining
and measuring quality
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, What did Avedis Donabedian introduce in the 1980s? (i.e. What two essential components) -
ANS The technical and the interpersonal that comprise quality medical care.
Avedis Donabedian identified three ways to measure quality. What are they? - ANS Structure,
process, and outcome
According to Avedis Donabedian's work: "Process" of care is defined as: - ANS A set of
activities that go within and between practitioners and patients
According to Avedis Donabedian's work: "Structure" is defined as: - ANS The relatively stable
characteristics of the providers of care, of the tools and resources they have at their disposal,
and of the physical organizational settings in which they work
According to Avedis Donabedian's work: "Outcome" is defined as: - ANS A change in a
patient's current and future health status that can be attributed to antecedent health-care
Patient Experience - ANS A patient's or enrollee's report of observations of and participation
in health care, or assessment of any resulting change in their health
What is the order of Avedis Donabedian's work, and why are they linked this way? -
ANS Structure-Process-Outcome
Process of Care does not signify quality unless desired health outcomes are reached. Structure
increases or decreases the probability of good performance. And, outcome is the change in the
current and future health status of patients which is attributed to antecedent healthcare
High-Reliability Organizations - ANS Organizations with systems in place that are
exceptionally consistent in accomplishing their goals and avoiding potentially catastrophic errors
Quality Control (QC) - ANS The operational techniques and activities used to fulfill
requirements for quality
Quality Assurance (QA) - ANS Actions performed to eliminate defective outputs
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
