BCN EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS. VERIFIED
2025/2026.
Avg. surface temperature to... - ANS rise by 1.8 - 4 degC by the end of 21st century, relative to
1980-1990.
Deforestation and soil erosion... - ANS leads to loss of fertile agricultural land, famine, etc.
Eutrophication - ANS A process by which nutrients, particularly phosphorus and nitrogen,
become highly concentrated in a body of water (through fertilizer runoff) leading to increased
growth of organisms such as algae or cyanobacteria. After such organisms die, bacterial
degradation of their biomass results in oxygen consumption, thereby creating the state of
hypoxia/dead zones
The I.P.A.T. formula - ANS Impact = Population x Affluence x Technology
Impact= People x {Materials/Person} x {Impact/Material}
Human Impact (I) on the environment is theproduct of Population (P), Affluence (A) and
Technology (T)
Current population size - ANS Currently estimated at 7.795 billion
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,China and India are what % of the population - ANS 35.5%
The "day of 7 billion" - ANS October 31, 2011
Rule of 72 - ANS Small % changes can grow exponentially.
To get the Doubling Time (DT), given a specified annual % growth rate, divide 72 by the annual
% growth rate.
OECD - ANS Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development
OECD countries - ANS North America (US, Canada & Mexico), Europe, Asia (Japan, S Korea,
Australia, NZ)
Mesopotamia (3000 BC) - ANS Demand for energy & other resources, particularly the desire
for specific foods. • Decrease in yields, decline of civilizations.
Industrial Societies (18th & 19th centuries) - ANS Technological advances (coal powered
engines, electricity generation, modern sanitation (steam powered engines) & advances in
medicine)
By 20th century, exponential increase in the human consumption of resources.
"Increase in health, wealth & population was perceived as progress."
Sustain - - ANS "maintain," "support," or "endure"
Sustainable Development - ANS "Sustainable development is the development that meets, -
the needs of the present -without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their
own needs."
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, sustainable development three parts - ANS economic system, natural system, social system
ocean acidification - ANS decreasing pH of ocean waters due to absorption of excess
atmospheric CO2 from the burning of fossil fuels,
the ocean has absorbed CO2 at an increasingly rapid rate, changing the ocean's chemistry and
leading to ocean acidification
coral bleaching from acidification - ANS leads to a loss of valuable ecosystem services
provided by coral reefs such as food security, tourism, shoreline protection, and biodiversity.
ehtics - ANS an academic or legal code of conduct.
morals - ANS as a personal or cultural code of conduct.
All people have a fair share to basic resources - - ANS Food Water Chance at a quality of life
beyond survival
How is sustainable development characterized? - ANS Social Environmental Economic
Cultural
social ethics - ANS Focus how a community can be organized to achieve a common good.
environmental ethics - ANS Focused on the ecological leg of sustainability
Anthropocentric - ANS Human centered
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
CORRECT ANSWERS. VERIFIED
2025/2026.
Avg. surface temperature to... - ANS rise by 1.8 - 4 degC by the end of 21st century, relative to
1980-1990.
Deforestation and soil erosion... - ANS leads to loss of fertile agricultural land, famine, etc.
Eutrophication - ANS A process by which nutrients, particularly phosphorus and nitrogen,
become highly concentrated in a body of water (through fertilizer runoff) leading to increased
growth of organisms such as algae or cyanobacteria. After such organisms die, bacterial
degradation of their biomass results in oxygen consumption, thereby creating the state of
hypoxia/dead zones
The I.P.A.T. formula - ANS Impact = Population x Affluence x Technology
Impact= People x {Materials/Person} x {Impact/Material}
Human Impact (I) on the environment is theproduct of Population (P), Affluence (A) and
Technology (T)
Current population size - ANS Currently estimated at 7.795 billion
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,China and India are what % of the population - ANS 35.5%
The "day of 7 billion" - ANS October 31, 2011
Rule of 72 - ANS Small % changes can grow exponentially.
To get the Doubling Time (DT), given a specified annual % growth rate, divide 72 by the annual
% growth rate.
OECD - ANS Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development
OECD countries - ANS North America (US, Canada & Mexico), Europe, Asia (Japan, S Korea,
Australia, NZ)
Mesopotamia (3000 BC) - ANS Demand for energy & other resources, particularly the desire
for specific foods. • Decrease in yields, decline of civilizations.
Industrial Societies (18th & 19th centuries) - ANS Technological advances (coal powered
engines, electricity generation, modern sanitation (steam powered engines) & advances in
medicine)
By 20th century, exponential increase in the human consumption of resources.
"Increase in health, wealth & population was perceived as progress."
Sustain - - ANS "maintain," "support," or "endure"
Sustainable Development - ANS "Sustainable development is the development that meets, -
the needs of the present -without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their
own needs."
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, sustainable development three parts - ANS economic system, natural system, social system
ocean acidification - ANS decreasing pH of ocean waters due to absorption of excess
atmospheric CO2 from the burning of fossil fuels,
the ocean has absorbed CO2 at an increasingly rapid rate, changing the ocean's chemistry and
leading to ocean acidification
coral bleaching from acidification - ANS leads to a loss of valuable ecosystem services
provided by coral reefs such as food security, tourism, shoreline protection, and biodiversity.
ehtics - ANS an academic or legal code of conduct.
morals - ANS as a personal or cultural code of conduct.
All people have a fair share to basic resources - - ANS Food Water Chance at a quality of life
beyond survival
How is sustainable development characterized? - ANS Social Environmental Economic
Cultural
social ethics - ANS Focus how a community can be organized to achieve a common good.
environmental ethics - ANS Focused on the ecological leg of sustainability
Anthropocentric - ANS Human centered
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
