NSC 242 Final EKU Exam Questions with Correct Answers Latest Update 2025
Discipline of Nursing - Answers Principles and laws that govern life processes, well-being, and
optimum functioning of human beings, sick or well. Nursing requires a specialized perspective.
Knowledge - Answers Knowledge of human behavior in interactions with the environment in
critical life situations.
Skill - Answers Application of skill and knowledge through which positive changes in health
status are affected.
Profession - Answers -specialized education
-service oriented
-research based
-code of ethics
-autonomous and self-regulating
Nurses are...? - Answers -teachers
-advocates
-counselors
-change agents
Nursing practice emphasizes....? - Answers -person
-environment
-health
Person - Answers Recipient of nursing care. Nurses recognize that individuals are complex
beings worthy of our care and attention. They are composed of body, mind, and spirit.
Environment - Answers Context of the client. Ex. poverty, level of education, spiritual beliefs,
community, culture, and access to resources.
Health - Answers State of physical, psychological, sociocultural, development, spiritual
wholeness.
Wellness - Answers A dimension of health evidenced in satisfaction with a persons quality of
life.
Ways of knowing in nursing - Answers Nursing is an art and a science. A seamless interactive
process in which nurses blend their knowledge, skills, and scientific understanding to bridge the
,space between science and client-centered needs empirical, personal, aesthetic, and/or ethical.
Empirical knowing - Answers Objective and observable knowledge. (Nurses use this way of
knowing to provide scientific rationales when choosing appropriate nursing interventions).
Personal knowing - Answers Pattern of knowing about self and others that occur when nurses
connect with the humanness of the client experience. (Characterized as subjective, concrete,
and existential. This knowing is relational. Develops when intuitively understand and connect
with clients as unique human beings).
Aesthetic knowing - Answers Humanistic understanding of the experience of the client and
leads to a deep understanding of the clients actions and experience. Empathy, compassion, and
holism. (Sometimes referred to as the "art of nursing" because this knowledge links the
humanistic components of care with its scientific application. There is a deeper appreciation of
the whole person or situation).
Ethical knowing - Answers Principled care when confronted with moral issues. It is a moral
aspect of nursing. (Doing the right thing).
Caring - Answers Characterized by a helping profession. Creating a sustained relationship with
the client to help restore health and wellness.
Empathy - Answers Interpersonal understanding of what the client is going through.
Caring presence - Answers -entering into the life space of another person
-non-passive warmth
-interconnected
-being with and sharing feelings, meanings, and experiences
- caring involves the creation of a sustained relationship with the other
Through caring nurses establish sustained therapeutic relationships that allow them to..... -
Answers -gather data
-teach and persuade
-provide comfort
-helping relationship
Communication is the cornerstone of those relationships.
Communication - Answers A process of exchanging information or feelings between two or
, more people.
Communication theory - Answers Communication may be interpersonal or intrapersonal.
Interpersonal communication - Answers Transmission of information and how people create
meaning. Ex. language, gestures, body movements, eye contact, personal, and cultural symbols.
Intrapersonal communication - Answers Form a persons inner thoughts and beliefs. Colored by
feelings that influence behavior and requires self reflection and awareness. (It is often a hidden
component of the communication process related to either nurse or clients past experience and
something within the current discussion).
Importance of communication in nursing - Answers -helps establish/maintain relationships
-conveys caring and warmth
-affects quality and safety
Communication process - Answers Sender: encodes message
Message: said or written
Receiver: decoded the message
Response: feedback
Factors influencing communication.. - Answers -development
-gener
-values and perceptions
-congruence
-boundaries
-culture
-roles and relationships
-environmental
-interpersonal attitudes
Nursing boundaries - Answers Keeps the focus on the client. Nurses exist to help meet clients
needs.
PCA - Answers P-pause and process: recognize potential for boundary crossing
Discipline of Nursing - Answers Principles and laws that govern life processes, well-being, and
optimum functioning of human beings, sick or well. Nursing requires a specialized perspective.
Knowledge - Answers Knowledge of human behavior in interactions with the environment in
critical life situations.
Skill - Answers Application of skill and knowledge through which positive changes in health
status are affected.
Profession - Answers -specialized education
-service oriented
-research based
-code of ethics
-autonomous and self-regulating
Nurses are...? - Answers -teachers
-advocates
-counselors
-change agents
Nursing practice emphasizes....? - Answers -person
-environment
-health
Person - Answers Recipient of nursing care. Nurses recognize that individuals are complex
beings worthy of our care and attention. They are composed of body, mind, and spirit.
Environment - Answers Context of the client. Ex. poverty, level of education, spiritual beliefs,
community, culture, and access to resources.
Health - Answers State of physical, psychological, sociocultural, development, spiritual
wholeness.
Wellness - Answers A dimension of health evidenced in satisfaction with a persons quality of
life.
Ways of knowing in nursing - Answers Nursing is an art and a science. A seamless interactive
process in which nurses blend their knowledge, skills, and scientific understanding to bridge the
,space between science and client-centered needs empirical, personal, aesthetic, and/or ethical.
Empirical knowing - Answers Objective and observable knowledge. (Nurses use this way of
knowing to provide scientific rationales when choosing appropriate nursing interventions).
Personal knowing - Answers Pattern of knowing about self and others that occur when nurses
connect with the humanness of the client experience. (Characterized as subjective, concrete,
and existential. This knowing is relational. Develops when intuitively understand and connect
with clients as unique human beings).
Aesthetic knowing - Answers Humanistic understanding of the experience of the client and
leads to a deep understanding of the clients actions and experience. Empathy, compassion, and
holism. (Sometimes referred to as the "art of nursing" because this knowledge links the
humanistic components of care with its scientific application. There is a deeper appreciation of
the whole person or situation).
Ethical knowing - Answers Principled care when confronted with moral issues. It is a moral
aspect of nursing. (Doing the right thing).
Caring - Answers Characterized by a helping profession. Creating a sustained relationship with
the client to help restore health and wellness.
Empathy - Answers Interpersonal understanding of what the client is going through.
Caring presence - Answers -entering into the life space of another person
-non-passive warmth
-interconnected
-being with and sharing feelings, meanings, and experiences
- caring involves the creation of a sustained relationship with the other
Through caring nurses establish sustained therapeutic relationships that allow them to..... -
Answers -gather data
-teach and persuade
-provide comfort
-helping relationship
Communication is the cornerstone of those relationships.
Communication - Answers A process of exchanging information or feelings between two or
, more people.
Communication theory - Answers Communication may be interpersonal or intrapersonal.
Interpersonal communication - Answers Transmission of information and how people create
meaning. Ex. language, gestures, body movements, eye contact, personal, and cultural symbols.
Intrapersonal communication - Answers Form a persons inner thoughts and beliefs. Colored by
feelings that influence behavior and requires self reflection and awareness. (It is often a hidden
component of the communication process related to either nurse or clients past experience and
something within the current discussion).
Importance of communication in nursing - Answers -helps establish/maintain relationships
-conveys caring and warmth
-affects quality and safety
Communication process - Answers Sender: encodes message
Message: said or written
Receiver: decoded the message
Response: feedback
Factors influencing communication.. - Answers -development
-gener
-values and perceptions
-congruence
-boundaries
-culture
-roles and relationships
-environmental
-interpersonal attitudes
Nursing boundaries - Answers Keeps the focus on the client. Nurses exist to help meet clients
needs.
PCA - Answers P-pause and process: recognize potential for boundary crossing
