NSC Advanced First Aid, CPR & AED
Exam Questions and Answers
Goals of First Aid - ANS-1. Keep victim alive
2. Prevent victim's condition from getting worse
3. Help promote early recovery
4. Ensure victim receives appropriate medical care
Consent - ANS-Need to have victim's consent before using first aid
Types of consent - ANS-Expressed and Implied
Expressed consent - ANS-Responsive victim communicates consent, can include head
nods
Implied consent - ANS-Unresponsive or child's parent not present or reached
Refusing consent - ANS-Victim can refuse consent - if they go unresponsive consent is
now implied
Get second witness to refusal
Scope of care - ANS-Set of first aid techniques learned in first aid course
Standard of Care - ANS-Care expected from any trained EMT under similar
circumstances
Abandoment - ANS-If you leave victim and injury or illness becomes worse
Justified reasons: Exhaustion, imminent danger, or replacement comes (equal or higher
skill level)
Confidentiality - ANS-Only give victim's information to the treating medical professionals
Infectious Diseases Transmitted - ANS-1. Someone has infection
2. Infection leaves body
3. Infection reaches another person, enters body (through blood)
4. Second person develops infection
Bloodborne Diseases - ANS-1. HIV
2. Hep B (Has vaccine)
3. Hep C
,Protection against bloodborne diseases - ANS-use gloves
Steps in an Emergency - ANS-1. Recognize the emergency
2. Check the scene
3. Check the victim
4. Call 9-1-1
5. Give first aid
6. Have victim seek medical attention
10 Body Systems - ANS-1. Respiratory
2. Cardiovascular
3. Nervous
4. Musculoskeletal
5. Integumentary
6. Gastrointestinal
7. Endocrine
8. Immune
9. Urinary
10. Reproductive
Assessment - ANS-1. Initial assessment
2. Secondary assessment
3. Monitor for change
Initial Assessment - ANS-Check for life-threatening conditions
Move only if - immediate danger or cannot give lifesaving care
How to check for responsiveness - ANS-Tap on shoulder and ask "Are you okay?",
doesn't respond then call 9-1-1 and provide care
AVPU Scale - ANS-Alert
Verbal - Response to verbal
Painful - Responses to pain
Unresponsive
Initial Assessment Steps - ANS-1. Check for responsiveness and normal breathing
2. Unresponsive - Call 9-1-1, if unresponsive and not breathing provide BLS
3. Breathing - Check for severe bleeding and other threats
4. Care for life threatening conditions
Recovery Position - ANS-Keeps airway open, allows fluids to drain, prevents from
inhaling stomach contents
HAINES
High Arm IN Endangered Spine
, Extend arms over victim's head, position arm closest to you over victim's chest, bend
victim's leg closest to you at the knee, put forearm under victim's shoulder while
supporting the neck and carefully roll, bend both legs and open mouth
SAMPLE - ANS-Signs and symptoms
Allergies
Medications
Previous problems
Last food or drink
Events
Physical Exam - ANS-Head to toe
DOTS
Deformities
Open injuries and wounds
Tenderness
Swelling
Universal sign of choking - ANS-Hands around the throat
Choking care for Responsive Adult and Child - ANS-1. Consent
2. 9-1-1
3. Stand behind with one leg in between theirs
4. Locate navel, create fist with hand above navel
5. Grasp fist with other hand and thrust inward and upward
Choking care for Responsive Infant - ANS-1. 5 back blows
2. Check for expelled object
3. 5 chest thrusts
4. Continue cycle, if alone call 9-1-1 after 1 minute
Effects of blood loss - ANS-causes a decrease in oxygen supply to the body; blood
pressure drops; heart pumps faster to compensate for the decreased volume and BP;
body will attempt to clot the blood to halt bleeding; usually requiring 6-7 minutes;
uncontrolled, bleeding can result in shock and death
Class 1 blood loss - ANS-Up to 15%
Class 2 blood loss - ANS-15-30%
Class 3 blood loss - ANS-30-40%
At 30% body can no longer compensate
Class 4 blood loss - ANS->40%
Types of External Bleeding - ANS-1. Arterial
Exam Questions and Answers
Goals of First Aid - ANS-1. Keep victim alive
2. Prevent victim's condition from getting worse
3. Help promote early recovery
4. Ensure victim receives appropriate medical care
Consent - ANS-Need to have victim's consent before using first aid
Types of consent - ANS-Expressed and Implied
Expressed consent - ANS-Responsive victim communicates consent, can include head
nods
Implied consent - ANS-Unresponsive or child's parent not present or reached
Refusing consent - ANS-Victim can refuse consent - if they go unresponsive consent is
now implied
Get second witness to refusal
Scope of care - ANS-Set of first aid techniques learned in first aid course
Standard of Care - ANS-Care expected from any trained EMT under similar
circumstances
Abandoment - ANS-If you leave victim and injury or illness becomes worse
Justified reasons: Exhaustion, imminent danger, or replacement comes (equal or higher
skill level)
Confidentiality - ANS-Only give victim's information to the treating medical professionals
Infectious Diseases Transmitted - ANS-1. Someone has infection
2. Infection leaves body
3. Infection reaches another person, enters body (through blood)
4. Second person develops infection
Bloodborne Diseases - ANS-1. HIV
2. Hep B (Has vaccine)
3. Hep C
,Protection against bloodborne diseases - ANS-use gloves
Steps in an Emergency - ANS-1. Recognize the emergency
2. Check the scene
3. Check the victim
4. Call 9-1-1
5. Give first aid
6. Have victim seek medical attention
10 Body Systems - ANS-1. Respiratory
2. Cardiovascular
3. Nervous
4. Musculoskeletal
5. Integumentary
6. Gastrointestinal
7. Endocrine
8. Immune
9. Urinary
10. Reproductive
Assessment - ANS-1. Initial assessment
2. Secondary assessment
3. Monitor for change
Initial Assessment - ANS-Check for life-threatening conditions
Move only if - immediate danger or cannot give lifesaving care
How to check for responsiveness - ANS-Tap on shoulder and ask "Are you okay?",
doesn't respond then call 9-1-1 and provide care
AVPU Scale - ANS-Alert
Verbal - Response to verbal
Painful - Responses to pain
Unresponsive
Initial Assessment Steps - ANS-1. Check for responsiveness and normal breathing
2. Unresponsive - Call 9-1-1, if unresponsive and not breathing provide BLS
3. Breathing - Check for severe bleeding and other threats
4. Care for life threatening conditions
Recovery Position - ANS-Keeps airway open, allows fluids to drain, prevents from
inhaling stomach contents
HAINES
High Arm IN Endangered Spine
, Extend arms over victim's head, position arm closest to you over victim's chest, bend
victim's leg closest to you at the knee, put forearm under victim's shoulder while
supporting the neck and carefully roll, bend both legs and open mouth
SAMPLE - ANS-Signs and symptoms
Allergies
Medications
Previous problems
Last food or drink
Events
Physical Exam - ANS-Head to toe
DOTS
Deformities
Open injuries and wounds
Tenderness
Swelling
Universal sign of choking - ANS-Hands around the throat
Choking care for Responsive Adult and Child - ANS-1. Consent
2. 9-1-1
3. Stand behind with one leg in between theirs
4. Locate navel, create fist with hand above navel
5. Grasp fist with other hand and thrust inward and upward
Choking care for Responsive Infant - ANS-1. 5 back blows
2. Check for expelled object
3. 5 chest thrusts
4. Continue cycle, if alone call 9-1-1 after 1 minute
Effects of blood loss - ANS-causes a decrease in oxygen supply to the body; blood
pressure drops; heart pumps faster to compensate for the decreased volume and BP;
body will attempt to clot the blood to halt bleeding; usually requiring 6-7 minutes;
uncontrolled, bleeding can result in shock and death
Class 1 blood loss - ANS-Up to 15%
Class 2 blood loss - ANS-15-30%
Class 3 blood loss - ANS-30-40%
At 30% body can no longer compensate
Class 4 blood loss - ANS->40%
Types of External Bleeding - ANS-1. Arterial
