Exam 5: BIOD 351/ BIOD351 Module 5:
Pharmacology | Latest 2025/ 2026 Update | 100 OUT
OF 100 |Questions and Verified Answers | GRADED A
– Portage Learning.
Exposing an embryo to cyclopamine early in development is most like to impact
the anatomic structures derived from _________________.
- ventral midline of the posterior region.
- dorsal midline of the anterior region
- dorsal midline of the posterior region.
- ventral midline of the anterior region
- ventral midline of the anterior region
LEC 5.1 Slides 12 & 13
SHH is highly expressed along the VENTRAL MIDLINE in ANTERIOR
REGIONS of the embryo.
SHH pathway mutations or environmental manipulations lead to varying degrees
of:
1) Midline patterning defects
2) Cleft palate/lip
3) Cyclopia*
,*(which was seen to affect pregnant goats when they eat corn lily plants known to
have cyclopamine and jervine)
Which of the following congenital heart defects is most commonly caused by
disruption of the cardiac neural crest cells?
- Persistent Truncus Arteriosus
- Atrial Septal Defect
- Tetralogy of Fallot
- Ventricular Septal Defect
- Persistent Truncus Arteriosus
LEC 5.3 Slides 4-5
The cardiac neural crest (they migrate down and populate the aortic arch, arteries,
etc) contributes to the SEPTA that separates the TRUNCUS ARTERIOSIS into the
pulmonary artery and aorta.
textbook:
"Mutations of the Pax3 gene result in fewer cardiac neural crest cells, which in turn
leads to persistent truncus arteriosus (failure of the aorta and pulmonary artery to
separate) as well as to defects in the thymus, thyroid, and parathyroid glands
(Conway et al. 1997, 2000)."
NIH:
, "Conditional inactivation of Dgcr8 in neural crest cells, results in a variety of
cardiovascular defects, including persistent truncus arteriosus, interrupted aortic
arch, aberrant origin of the right subclavian artery and ventricular septal defect
(Chapnik et al., 2011)."
In the hemogenic endothelium model of hematopoiesis, the source of the adult
hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are which of the following?
- Hemogenic endothelial cells of the aorta
- Hemangioblasts of the blood islands
- Hemangioblasts in the yolk sac
- Angioblasts in the mesoderm
- Hemogenic endothelial cells of the aorta
LEC 5.2 Slide 2
^ Briefly discussed hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and how they contribute to
the formation of blood islands. Mote, the question is asking for the source of
hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) themselves. See below:
textbook:
"FIGURE 18.22 Pathway for hematopoietic stem cell formation. (A) In the
developing mouse, hematopoietic stem cells arise from the hemogenic endothelium
of the aorta."
Pharmacology | Latest 2025/ 2026 Update | 100 OUT
OF 100 |Questions and Verified Answers | GRADED A
– Portage Learning.
Exposing an embryo to cyclopamine early in development is most like to impact
the anatomic structures derived from _________________.
- ventral midline of the posterior region.
- dorsal midline of the anterior region
- dorsal midline of the posterior region.
- ventral midline of the anterior region
- ventral midline of the anterior region
LEC 5.1 Slides 12 & 13
SHH is highly expressed along the VENTRAL MIDLINE in ANTERIOR
REGIONS of the embryo.
SHH pathway mutations or environmental manipulations lead to varying degrees
of:
1) Midline patterning defects
2) Cleft palate/lip
3) Cyclopia*
,*(which was seen to affect pregnant goats when they eat corn lily plants known to
have cyclopamine and jervine)
Which of the following congenital heart defects is most commonly caused by
disruption of the cardiac neural crest cells?
- Persistent Truncus Arteriosus
- Atrial Septal Defect
- Tetralogy of Fallot
- Ventricular Septal Defect
- Persistent Truncus Arteriosus
LEC 5.3 Slides 4-5
The cardiac neural crest (they migrate down and populate the aortic arch, arteries,
etc) contributes to the SEPTA that separates the TRUNCUS ARTERIOSIS into the
pulmonary artery and aorta.
textbook:
"Mutations of the Pax3 gene result in fewer cardiac neural crest cells, which in turn
leads to persistent truncus arteriosus (failure of the aorta and pulmonary artery to
separate) as well as to defects in the thymus, thyroid, and parathyroid glands
(Conway et al. 1997, 2000)."
NIH:
, "Conditional inactivation of Dgcr8 in neural crest cells, results in a variety of
cardiovascular defects, including persistent truncus arteriosus, interrupted aortic
arch, aberrant origin of the right subclavian artery and ventricular septal defect
(Chapnik et al., 2011)."
In the hemogenic endothelium model of hematopoiesis, the source of the adult
hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are which of the following?
- Hemogenic endothelial cells of the aorta
- Hemangioblasts of the blood islands
- Hemangioblasts in the yolk sac
- Angioblasts in the mesoderm
- Hemogenic endothelial cells of the aorta
LEC 5.2 Slide 2
^ Briefly discussed hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and how they contribute to
the formation of blood islands. Mote, the question is asking for the source of
hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) themselves. See below:
textbook:
"FIGURE 18.22 Pathway for hematopoietic stem cell formation. (A) In the
developing mouse, hematopoietic stem cells arise from the hemogenic endothelium
of the aorta."
