CHEM 212 Exam - Spring 2025 with precise detailed ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
solutions
What does the principal quantum number (n) represent? - correct answer✔✔The main
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
energy level and size of an orbital. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What values can the angular momentum quantum number (l) take? - correct answer✔✔0 to
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
(n−1)
What shape does an orbital with l = 0 have? - correct answer✔✔Spherical (s orbital)
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What does the magnetic quantum number (mₗ) describe? - correct answer✔✔The orientation
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
of the orbital in space.
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What is the spin quantum number (mₛ)? - correct answer✔✔Describes the spin of the
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
electron; values are ±½. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
How many angular nodes does a d-orbital have? - correct answer✔✔2 (since l = 2)
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How do you calculate the number of radial nodes? - correct answer✔✔Radial nodes = n - l -
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1
What principle states that no two electrons in an atom can have the same four quantum
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
numbers? - correct answer✔✔Pauli Exclusion Principle ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What is Hund's Rule? - correct answer✔✔Electrons occupy degenerate orbitals singly with
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
parallel spins before pairing. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
, What is the Aufbau principle? - correct answer✔✔Electrons fill orbitals starting from the
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
lowest energy level. ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What causes shielding in atoms? - correct answer✔✔Inner electrons blocking outer electrons
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
from the full nuclear charge.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What is the effective nuclear charge (Z_eff)? - correct answer✔✔The net positive charge felt
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
by an electron.
||\\//|| ||\\//||
How does ionization energy trend across a period? - correct answer✔✔It increases due to
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
increasing Z_eff. ||\\//||
Why does atomic radius increase down a group? - correct answer✔✔Higher principal
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
quantum numbers (n) increase orbital size. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What happens to ionic size when an atom becomes an anion? - correct answer✔✔It
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
increases due to added electron repulsion. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What is electron affinity? - correct answer✔✔The energy change when an electron is added
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
to a neutral atom.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What type of elements typically form cations? - correct answer✔✔Metals
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What is a Lewis dot structure used for? - correct answer✔✔Representing valence electrons
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
and bonding in molecules.||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What is the VSEPR model used to predict? - correct answer✔✔Molecular geometry based on
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
electron pair repulsion.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
solutions
What does the principal quantum number (n) represent? - correct answer✔✔The main
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
energy level and size of an orbital. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What values can the angular momentum quantum number (l) take? - correct answer✔✔0 to
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
(n−1)
What shape does an orbital with l = 0 have? - correct answer✔✔Spherical (s orbital)
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What does the magnetic quantum number (mₗ) describe? - correct answer✔✔The orientation
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
of the orbital in space.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What is the spin quantum number (mₛ)? - correct answer✔✔Describes the spin of the
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
electron; values are ±½. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
How many angular nodes does a d-orbital have? - correct answer✔✔2 (since l = 2)
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
How do you calculate the number of radial nodes? - correct answer✔✔Radial nodes = n - l -
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
1
What principle states that no two electrons in an atom can have the same four quantum
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
numbers? - correct answer✔✔Pauli Exclusion Principle ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What is Hund's Rule? - correct answer✔✔Electrons occupy degenerate orbitals singly with
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
parallel spins before pairing. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
, What is the Aufbau principle? - correct answer✔✔Electrons fill orbitals starting from the
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
lowest energy level. ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What causes shielding in atoms? - correct answer✔✔Inner electrons blocking outer electrons
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
from the full nuclear charge.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What is the effective nuclear charge (Z_eff)? - correct answer✔✔The net positive charge felt
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
by an electron.
||\\//|| ||\\//||
How does ionization energy trend across a period? - correct answer✔✔It increases due to
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
increasing Z_eff. ||\\//||
Why does atomic radius increase down a group? - correct answer✔✔Higher principal
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
quantum numbers (n) increase orbital size. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What happens to ionic size when an atom becomes an anion? - correct answer✔✔It
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
increases due to added electron repulsion. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What is electron affinity? - correct answer✔✔The energy change when an electron is added
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
to a neutral atom.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What type of elements typically form cations? - correct answer✔✔Metals
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What is a Lewis dot structure used for? - correct answer✔✔Representing valence electrons
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
and bonding in molecules.||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
What is the VSEPR model used to predict? - correct answer✔✔Molecular geometry based on
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
electron pair repulsion.
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