BCHM 4611 FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2025
ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY
GRADED A+||BRAND NEW!!
Eukaryotes -CORRECTANSWER Multicellular and unicellular organisms, more
complex cellular organization with membrane-enclosed organelles that have specialized
functions, DNA stored in nucleus
Prokaryotes -CORRECTANSWER 2 domains: archaea and bacteria, exclusively single
cell organisms, no nucleus
Benefits of being prokaryotic -CORRECTANSWER More adaptable to changing
environments, species have evolved to colonize extreme environments due to their
simplicity and rapid cell division
Classes of monomers -CORRECTANSWER Amino acids, monosaccharides,
nucleotides, and lipids
Classes of polymers -CORRECTANSWER Polypeptides, polysaccharides, nucleic
acids (no true polymers for lipids - form non-covalent aggregates)
,Polypeptide/protein -CORRECTANSWER Polymer of amino acids linked together by
peptide bonds
Residue -CORRECTANSWER Monomer that has been incorporated into a polymer
Protein major roles -CORRECTANSWER Carry out metabolic reactions, support
cellular structures
Protein minor role -CORRECTANSWER Store energy
Nucleic acid major role -CORRECTANSWER Encode information
Nucleic acid minor roles -CORRECTANSWER Carry out metabolic reactions, support
cellular structures
Polysaccharides major roles -CORRECTANSWER Store energy, support cellular
structures
Polysaccharides minor role -CORRECTANSWER Encode information
Open system -CORRECTANSWER Energy can be transferred between the system and
its surroundings
,Closed system -CORRECTANSWER Only exchanges energy with its surroundings, not
matter
Isolated system -CORRECTANSWER Does not exchange energy or matter with its
surroundings
Gibbs free energy (G) -CORRECTANSWER Thermodynamic quantity whose change
indicates the spontaneity of a process. For spontaneous/favorable processes, ΔG < 0,
whereas for a process at equilibrium, ΔG = 0
Enthalpy (H) -CORRECTANSWER Heat content of a biochemical system
Entropy (S) -CORRECTANSWER Degree of randomness or disorder of a system
Free energy change equation -CORRECTANSWER ΔG = ΔH - TΔS
Coupled reaction -CORRECTANSWER Reactions that occur in concert with each other;
product of the first reaction is a reactant for the second reaction; ΔG values are added
when reactions are combined
Why is ΔG independent of path chosen? -CORRECTANSWER Depends only on the
initial and final states of the system, without regard to the specific chemical or
mechanical work that occurred in going from one state to the other
, Oxidation -CORRECTANSWER Loss of electrons through the addition of oxygen or
removal of hydrogen; oxidation of carbon is thermodynamically favorable so it can be
coupled with otherwise unfavorable processes
Catabolism -CORRECTANSWER Breaking down molecules, yielding energy; some of
this free energy may be conserved in the formation of nucleotide triphosphates (NTPs)
such as ATP or reduced cofactors such as NADP+ or Q
Anabolism -CORRECTANSWER Building complex molecules at the expense of energy
H2O structure/geometry -CORRECTANSWER Central oxygen atom forms covalent
bonds with two hydrogen atoms, leaving two unshared pairs of electrons; tetrahedral
geometry
How does water's structure affect its properties and interactions with other molecules? -
CORRECTANSWER It is polar (uneven distribution of charge) which allows it to form
hydrogen bonds with other water molecules, this makes water highly cohesive; has high
dielectric constant which means ionic compounds dissolve in it well; polar compounds
also dissolve well due to hydrogen bonding with water
Covalent bond -CORRECTANSWER Formed when two atoms share electrons
ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY
GRADED A+||BRAND NEW!!
Eukaryotes -CORRECTANSWER Multicellular and unicellular organisms, more
complex cellular organization with membrane-enclosed organelles that have specialized
functions, DNA stored in nucleus
Prokaryotes -CORRECTANSWER 2 domains: archaea and bacteria, exclusively single
cell organisms, no nucleus
Benefits of being prokaryotic -CORRECTANSWER More adaptable to changing
environments, species have evolved to colonize extreme environments due to their
simplicity and rapid cell division
Classes of monomers -CORRECTANSWER Amino acids, monosaccharides,
nucleotides, and lipids
Classes of polymers -CORRECTANSWER Polypeptides, polysaccharides, nucleic
acids (no true polymers for lipids - form non-covalent aggregates)
,Polypeptide/protein -CORRECTANSWER Polymer of amino acids linked together by
peptide bonds
Residue -CORRECTANSWER Monomer that has been incorporated into a polymer
Protein major roles -CORRECTANSWER Carry out metabolic reactions, support
cellular structures
Protein minor role -CORRECTANSWER Store energy
Nucleic acid major role -CORRECTANSWER Encode information
Nucleic acid minor roles -CORRECTANSWER Carry out metabolic reactions, support
cellular structures
Polysaccharides major roles -CORRECTANSWER Store energy, support cellular
structures
Polysaccharides minor role -CORRECTANSWER Encode information
Open system -CORRECTANSWER Energy can be transferred between the system and
its surroundings
,Closed system -CORRECTANSWER Only exchanges energy with its surroundings, not
matter
Isolated system -CORRECTANSWER Does not exchange energy or matter with its
surroundings
Gibbs free energy (G) -CORRECTANSWER Thermodynamic quantity whose change
indicates the spontaneity of a process. For spontaneous/favorable processes, ΔG < 0,
whereas for a process at equilibrium, ΔG = 0
Enthalpy (H) -CORRECTANSWER Heat content of a biochemical system
Entropy (S) -CORRECTANSWER Degree of randomness or disorder of a system
Free energy change equation -CORRECTANSWER ΔG = ΔH - TΔS
Coupled reaction -CORRECTANSWER Reactions that occur in concert with each other;
product of the first reaction is a reactant for the second reaction; ΔG values are added
when reactions are combined
Why is ΔG independent of path chosen? -CORRECTANSWER Depends only on the
initial and final states of the system, without regard to the specific chemical or
mechanical work that occurred in going from one state to the other
, Oxidation -CORRECTANSWER Loss of electrons through the addition of oxygen or
removal of hydrogen; oxidation of carbon is thermodynamically favorable so it can be
coupled with otherwise unfavorable processes
Catabolism -CORRECTANSWER Breaking down molecules, yielding energy; some of
this free energy may be conserved in the formation of nucleotide triphosphates (NTPs)
such as ATP or reduced cofactors such as NADP+ or Q
Anabolism -CORRECTANSWER Building complex molecules at the expense of energy
H2O structure/geometry -CORRECTANSWER Central oxygen atom forms covalent
bonds with two hydrogen atoms, leaving two unshared pairs of electrons; tetrahedral
geometry
How does water's structure affect its properties and interactions with other molecules? -
CORRECTANSWER It is polar (uneven distribution of charge) which allows it to form
hydrogen bonds with other water molecules, this makes water highly cohesive; has high
dielectric constant which means ionic compounds dissolve in it well; polar compounds
also dissolve well due to hydrogen bonding with water
Covalent bond -CORRECTANSWER Formed when two atoms share electrons
