Microbiology Exam #1 Review Questions and Answers

Microbiology Exam #1 Review Questions and Answers What are the 3 domains within Microbiology? Bacteria Archaea Eukarya List the types of Eukarya. Protists Fungi Plants Animals Why shouldn't you always wash your hands with alcohol and Germ X? You'll be wiping off the good bacteria within your body along with the bad bacteria. List the two types of Microorganisms Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes What are some examples of Prokaryotes? Bacteria and Archaea What are some examples of Eukaryotes? Fungi Protozoa Algae Multicellular Animal Parasites What are the four biological macromolecules? Carbohydrates Lipids Protein Nucleic Acids What are the building blocks of Protein? Amino Acids How do you break down protein bonds? Dehydration Synthesis What are Carbohydrates made up of? Sugars Name some of Sugars Maltose Fructose Lactose Dextrose What is DNA? Deoxyribonucleic Acid Why does DNA have to have a double helix? Replication and inheritance A Hydrogen bonds with T C hydrogen bonds with G Lipids have _____ chains. Long _____ is the main chain name. Glyceral What are Lipids made up of? Fatty Acids Phospholipids are critical for what? Creating the Cell Membrane List some nucleotides. Cytosine, Guanine, Adenine, Uracil _____ is the the only nucleotide found in RNA. Uracil ________ __________ prevent growth of pathogens. Normal Microbiota Normal Microbiota produce growth factors such as what? Folic Acid (B Vitamins) and Vitamin K Normal Microbiota aids in digestion in the ________. Large Intestine What's ATP's official name? Adenosine Triphosphate ATP is made by the what? Dehydration Synthesis ATP is broken by _____ to liberate useful energy for the cell. Hydrolysis ATP is a ______ Cellular Energy Source Name the Basic Shapes of bacteria. Bacillus Coccus Spiral Bacillus Rod-shaped Coccus Spherical Spiral Spiral Strep is an _______ and a _______ Arrangement Chain Staph is an ______ and _______ Arrangement Clusters ____ powers flagella ATP A Gram-positive cell wall is sensitive to _____. Penicillin A gram-negative cell wall has two _______. Plasma Membranes Plasma Membranes have ________. Selective Permeability _____ is transported by ______ ______ by the transporter (_____). Glucose Facilitated Diffusion Proteins In an Isotonic solution, it is ____. Equal In a hypotonic solution the cell ____. Swells with water In a hypertonic solution the cell ____ Shrinks What makes ATP? Mitochondria When an enzyme binds to an active site, it is called ______. Competitive Inhibition When the enzyme binds to the nonactive part of the cell, it is called a ___. Noncompetitive Inhibition _______ reduced is NADH+ (oxidized form) Glucose There are 3 main phases of cellular respiration. What is it? Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Chemiosmosis Chemiosmosis can also be called the _______. Electron Transport Chain