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Techniques 3rd Edition by Rebecca Warner, Verified
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Chapters 1 - 17, Complete Newest Version
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Chapter 1: The New Statistics gg gg gg gg
Multiple Choice gg
1. A variable that is statistically controlled in an analysis is a(n)
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a. an independent variable
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b. a dependent variable
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c. a covariate gg
d. a
manipulated
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variableAns: C
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Cognitive Domain: Knowledge gg gg
Answer Location: 1.1: Required
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BackgroundDifficulty Level: Easy
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2. In past years, many investigators have failed to report
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a. the effect size gg gg
b. the sample sizes gg gg
c. descriptive statistics gg
d. obtained p gg
valuesAns: A gg
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge gg gg
Answer Location: 1.2: What is the “New
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Statistics”?Difficulty Level: Easy
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3. A primary concern of investigators has been, and often still is, obtaining a p value
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of gg
.
a. .10
b. .05
c. .01
d. .000
Ans: B gg
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge gg gg
Answer Location: 1.2: What Is the “New
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Statistics”?Difficulty Level: Easy
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4. A major change advocated by New Statistics is
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a. reduced emphasis on effect size gg gg gg gg
b. focus on the results of single studies
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c. not reporting confidence intervals
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d. understanding the limitations of gg gg gg
significance testsAns: D
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,Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
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Answer Location: 1.2: What is the “New
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Statistics”?Difficulty Level: Easy
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5. A primary change proposed by advocates of New Statistics
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involves summarizingeffect sizes from a number of studies using
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.
a. Bayesian statistics gg
b. meta-analysis
c. multivariate analysis gg
d. descriptive
statisticsAns:
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ggB
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
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Answer Location: 1.2: What Is the “New
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Statistics”?Difficulty Level: Easy
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6. An emphasis of New Statistics is
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a. using increasingly precise p values
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b. developing new methods of statistical analysis gg gg gg gg gg
c. reducing emphasis on confidence interval interpretation
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d. adopting a more critical perspective when
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considering significanceAns: D
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Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
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Answer Location: 1.2: What Is the “New
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Statistics”?Difficulty Level: Easy
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7. Which of the following types of information is provided to investigators by NHST?
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a. whether the hypothesis of the study has been proven
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b. the probability that the research hypothesis is true
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c. the probability of obtaining results about the H0 based on one sample
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d. the exact probability of obtaining the same results
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on replicationAns: C
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Cognitive Domain: Analysisgg gg
Answer Location: 1.3: Common Misinterpretations of p
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ValuesDifficulty Level: Hard gg gg
8. When reading an article that reports the results of multiple statistical
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tests, readersshould remember that multiple tests.
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a. provide inaccurate information about the risks of Type I errors
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b. provide inaccurate information about the risks of Type II errors
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c. enhance understanding of cause and effect relationships
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d. provide reliable information about the size and
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importance of effects Ans: A
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Cognitive Domain: Application
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Answer Location: 1.3: Common Misinterpretations of p
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ValuesDifficulty Level: Medium gg gg
,9. An advocate of New Statistics would object to a research report that
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included a statement like the
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a. results of our study are consistent with a recent meta-analysis
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b. significant results should be interpreted cautiously due to the large sample size
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c. results of our study approached statistical significance
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d. results of our study provide support for our
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initial hypothesisAns: C
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Cognitive Domain: Application gg gg
Answer Location: 1.3: Common Misinterpretations of p
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ValuesDifficulty Level: Medium gg gg
10. If a statistical analysis yields p = .03, a research report can include a statement
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like
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.
a. the results of our study are likely to be replicated
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b. the evidence is consistent with the hypothesis of our study
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c. there is a 97% chance that the null hypothesis of our study is false
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d. the results of our study cannot be explained
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by chanceAns: B
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Cognitive Domain: Application gg gg
Answer Location: 1.3: Common Misinterpretations of p
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ValuesDifficulty Level: Medium gg gg
11. An advocate of New Statistics would support a p value reported as
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.a. p = .0000gg gg gg
b. p < .01
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c. p < .05
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d. p = .025
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Ans: D gg
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge gg gg
Answer Location: 1.4: Problems with NHST
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Logic Difficulty Level: Easy
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12. A problem with NHST logic is that it
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a. eliminates the need to think in terms of double negatives
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b. encourages investigators to describe study results in terms of uncertainty
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c. cannot tell investigators what they want to know
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d. is used consistently and correctly in the
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majority of studies Ans: C
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Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
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Answer Location: 1.4: Problems with NHST
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Logic Difficulty Level: Medium
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13. An important assumption underlying the use of an independent samples t
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test orone-way ANOVA is that
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a. the grouping variables are normally distributed in the population
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, b. the variances of the groups on the dependent variable are equal
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c. all participants respondents responded to both the pretest and the posttest
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d. all scores in each group lie within one standard deviation
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of the mean Ans: B
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Cognitive Domain: Comprehension gg gg
Answer Location: 1.5.1: Violations
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of AssumptionsDifficulty Level:
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Medium
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14. An important assumption underlying the use of Pearson r is that
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a. the relationship between the two variables is linear
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b. the variances of the X and Y scores are equal
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c. all participants respondents responded to both the pretest and the posttest
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d. all scores in each variable lie within one standard deviation of the
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variable meanAns: A
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Cognitive Domain: Comprehension gg gg
Answer Location: 1.5.1: Violations
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of AssumptionsDifficulty Level:
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Medium
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15. A frequent violation of the rules for using NHST is
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a. performing only one significance test gg gg gg gg
b. selecting random samples from the population of interest
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c. selecting the statistical test after data collection
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d. selecting the criterion p value before analyzing
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the dataAns: C
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Cognitive Domain: Analysis gg gg
Answer Location: 1.5.2: Violations of Rules for Use
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of NHSTDifficulty Level: Hard
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16. If scores on an attitude scale can range from 0 to 60 with most scores
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lying between20 and 45, scores of 7 and 57 could be
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a. likelihood errors gg
b. probability errors gg
c. extraneous variables gg
d. outliers c
Ans: D
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Cognitive Domain: Analysis gg gg
Answer Location: 1.5.2: Violations of Rules for Use
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of NHSTDifficulty Level: Hard
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17. Another term describing the process of testing the reproducibility of
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research results by repeating studies in different settings with different
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participants is .
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a. replication.
b. generalization
c. normalization
d. refutation
Ans: A
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