GH 101 Final Exam QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS RATED A+
Structural Violence - correct answer ✔✔ -"Social structures-- economic, political, legal, religious,
and cultural"-- that prevent individuals, groups and societies from reaching their full potential"
-Can be a social determinant of health due to certain groups being at higher risk of disease and
death to structural violence, as well as certain groups having less access to healthcare
Incidence - correct answer ✔✔ number of new cases of conditions out of population of interest
over time
Prevalence - correct answer ✔✔ Number of cases at this point in time (the occurrence, rate, or
frequency of a disease)
IMR - correct answer ✔✔ Infant mortality rate, denominator usually 1000 (under-5 same idea,
averaged over 5 year period, usually lower than IMR)
MMR - correct answer ✔✔ Maternal mortality rate (cause of death related to issues of
reproductive health)
Life expectancy at birth - correct answer ✔✔ Men usually lower
DALY - correct answer ✔✔ Disability-Adjusted Life Year [=YLD + YLL]
-Present value of the future years of disability-free life that are lost as a result of the premature
deaths or cases of disability occurring in a particular year
-DALY values determined by WHO
, Colonial and Imperialism - correct answer ✔✔ -Colonial Healthcare (1800s-1960): separate case
for colonists and indigenous people
-Berlin Conference (1884): Scramble for Africa
Common Policies of Successful Stories on Health - correct answer ✔✔ (1950-1980) Kerala
(India), China, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, S. Korea
-Primary education universal and compulsory (all)
-Housing, water, sanitation for poor (all)
-Food/agriculture subsidies (all)
-Land reform (all)
-Protection of nascent industries (Taiwan, S.Korea)
-Simple health services (all)
-Common denominator: all require government intervention, taxation
Declaration of Alma-Ata (1978) - correct answer ✔✔ -Health is a fundamental human right,
requires inter-sectional action (education, nutrition, poverty reduction) to attain
-Improved health and peace requires economic and social development based on New Int'l
Economic Order
-Governments have responsibility to provide adequate health and social measures for health
-International cooperation is necessary
-Primary health care is appropriate, accessible, acceptable, affordable and requires community
participation
-HFA 2000 requires redirecting resources from military to social expenditures (including health)
Principles of PHC (emerging out of Alma-Ata, "essential components") - correct answer ✔✔ -
Health education
-Environmental sanitation, especially food and water
-The employment of community or village health workers
CORRECT ANSWERS RATED A+
Structural Violence - correct answer ✔✔ -"Social structures-- economic, political, legal, religious,
and cultural"-- that prevent individuals, groups and societies from reaching their full potential"
-Can be a social determinant of health due to certain groups being at higher risk of disease and
death to structural violence, as well as certain groups having less access to healthcare
Incidence - correct answer ✔✔ number of new cases of conditions out of population of interest
over time
Prevalence - correct answer ✔✔ Number of cases at this point in time (the occurrence, rate, or
frequency of a disease)
IMR - correct answer ✔✔ Infant mortality rate, denominator usually 1000 (under-5 same idea,
averaged over 5 year period, usually lower than IMR)
MMR - correct answer ✔✔ Maternal mortality rate (cause of death related to issues of
reproductive health)
Life expectancy at birth - correct answer ✔✔ Men usually lower
DALY - correct answer ✔✔ Disability-Adjusted Life Year [=YLD + YLL]
-Present value of the future years of disability-free life that are lost as a result of the premature
deaths or cases of disability occurring in a particular year
-DALY values determined by WHO
, Colonial and Imperialism - correct answer ✔✔ -Colonial Healthcare (1800s-1960): separate case
for colonists and indigenous people
-Berlin Conference (1884): Scramble for Africa
Common Policies of Successful Stories on Health - correct answer ✔✔ (1950-1980) Kerala
(India), China, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, S. Korea
-Primary education universal and compulsory (all)
-Housing, water, sanitation for poor (all)
-Food/agriculture subsidies (all)
-Land reform (all)
-Protection of nascent industries (Taiwan, S.Korea)
-Simple health services (all)
-Common denominator: all require government intervention, taxation
Declaration of Alma-Ata (1978) - correct answer ✔✔ -Health is a fundamental human right,
requires inter-sectional action (education, nutrition, poverty reduction) to attain
-Improved health and peace requires economic and social development based on New Int'l
Economic Order
-Governments have responsibility to provide adequate health and social measures for health
-International cooperation is necessary
-Primary health care is appropriate, accessible, acceptable, affordable and requires community
participation
-HFA 2000 requires redirecting resources from military to social expenditures (including health)
Principles of PHC (emerging out of Alma-Ata, "essential components") - correct answer ✔✔ -
Health education
-Environmental sanitation, especially food and water
-The employment of community or village health workers
