Pharmacology Exam 1;
Pharmacokinetics and
Pharmacodynamics fully solved
Pharmacokinetics - correct answer ✔✔ what does the *body* do to the drug?
What are the 4 factors of Pharmacokinetics? - correct answer ✔✔ 1. absorption
2. distribution
3. metabolism (biotransformation)
4. elimination
Pharmacodynamics - correct answer ✔✔ what does the *drug* do to the body?
-determines duration, intensity, onset
Absorption - correct answer ✔✔ mov't of a drug from its site of administration into the
bloodstream
What are factors that influence absorption? - correct answer ✔✔ -drug chemistry: lipid soluble
diffuse more quickly and smaller drugs do too
- route of administration
- coating of the drug
(highly charged drugs won't absorb well)
What are the route of administration of the drug? - correct answer ✔✔ 1. Enteral (via GI tract):
Oral (PO)
2. Parentral (injectable): Intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneously (SubQ)
, What does the route of administration effect? - correct answer ✔✔ both the onset and
intensity of the drug
Distribution - correct answer ✔✔ -mov't of the drug throughout the body
-local blood flow affects the amount of blood reaching organs
What are the 2 special barriers to drug distribution? - correct answer ✔✔ 1. blood-brain barrier
(BBB): semi-permeable barrier that prevents drugs from reaching the brain
2. placental Barrier: like BBB but is the semi-permeable membrane of the placental tissues
Plasma-Binding Proteins - correct answer ✔✔ only those drug molecules that are not bound to
plasma proteins and are able to produce pharmacologic effects
-only unbound drug molecules can metabolize and excrete
Albumin - correct answer ✔✔ the major plasma-binding protein; and plasma protein serves as a
reservoir for drugs
-*98% of warfarin binds to albumin* & if medication binds to albumin it can't do its job so we
increase the dosage
Drug-drug interaction - correct answer ✔✔ plasma protein binding can cause drug-drug
interaction (two drugs can affect one another's activity)
Drug Metabolism - correct answer ✔✔ -the enzymatic alteration of drug structure
- most drug metabolism takes place in the liver and is catalyzed by the *cytochrome P450*
system of enzymes
-*drug is becoming more water-soluble*
Pharmacokinetics and
Pharmacodynamics fully solved
Pharmacokinetics - correct answer ✔✔ what does the *body* do to the drug?
What are the 4 factors of Pharmacokinetics? - correct answer ✔✔ 1. absorption
2. distribution
3. metabolism (biotransformation)
4. elimination
Pharmacodynamics - correct answer ✔✔ what does the *drug* do to the body?
-determines duration, intensity, onset
Absorption - correct answer ✔✔ mov't of a drug from its site of administration into the
bloodstream
What are factors that influence absorption? - correct answer ✔✔ -drug chemistry: lipid soluble
diffuse more quickly and smaller drugs do too
- route of administration
- coating of the drug
(highly charged drugs won't absorb well)
What are the route of administration of the drug? - correct answer ✔✔ 1. Enteral (via GI tract):
Oral (PO)
2. Parentral (injectable): Intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneously (SubQ)
, What does the route of administration effect? - correct answer ✔✔ both the onset and
intensity of the drug
Distribution - correct answer ✔✔ -mov't of the drug throughout the body
-local blood flow affects the amount of blood reaching organs
What are the 2 special barriers to drug distribution? - correct answer ✔✔ 1. blood-brain barrier
(BBB): semi-permeable barrier that prevents drugs from reaching the brain
2. placental Barrier: like BBB but is the semi-permeable membrane of the placental tissues
Plasma-Binding Proteins - correct answer ✔✔ only those drug molecules that are not bound to
plasma proteins and are able to produce pharmacologic effects
-only unbound drug molecules can metabolize and excrete
Albumin - correct answer ✔✔ the major plasma-binding protein; and plasma protein serves as a
reservoir for drugs
-*98% of warfarin binds to albumin* & if medication binds to albumin it can't do its job so we
increase the dosage
Drug-drug interaction - correct answer ✔✔ plasma protein binding can cause drug-drug
interaction (two drugs can affect one another's activity)
Drug Metabolism - correct answer ✔✔ -the enzymatic alteration of drug structure
- most drug metabolism takes place in the liver and is catalyzed by the *cytochrome P450*
system of enzymes
-*drug is becoming more water-soluble*
