MEDSURG 2 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS VERIFIED
2025/2026.
When should a mantoux test be check - ANS 48-72 hours
what is considered a positive mantoux test? - ANS >5mm induration
Ipratropium action - ANS Decrease cGMP, bronchodilation
Ipratropium adverse effects - ANS dry mouth, urinary retention, pharyngitis, rash
Ipratropium Nursing Considerations - ANS assess for atropine and peanut allergy, listen to
lung
TB nursing interventions - ANS o Administer heated and humidified oxygen therapy
o Prevent infection transmission
o Teach the pt to cough and expectorate sputum into tissues that are disposed of by the pt into
provided plastic bags or no-touch receptacles
pulmonary embolism - ANS · Long-term immobility
· Oral contraceptive · Pregnancy
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,· Tobacco use
Hypercoagulability (elevated platelet count)
· Obesity
· Surgery
· Heart failure
· Central venous catheters
· Long bone fractures
· Cancer
· Trauma
PE clinical manifestations - ANS · Tachypnea, crackles, tachycardia, hypotension, sweating,
petechiae over chest and armpits
PE diagnostic tests - ANS a. Chest X-Ray - Not Diagnostic but Rules Out Other Causes b. V/Q
Scan
c. Spiral CT
d. + D-Dimer (type of fibrin split product)
e. Pulmonary Angiogram
f. MRI
g. Lower Extremity Doppler Studies (not emergent)
PE treatment - ANS *Immediate ID & Treatment is vital*
*Most deaths occur within 2 hours*
-IV, EKG
-Return pulmonary blood flow to normal
-Prevent recurrence
-Thrombolytic agents
-streptokinase
-urokinase
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, -retaplase - newer, longer half-life
-alteplase
-Oxygen therapy - even if O2 sats normal
-Surgery
-IVC filter
Status asthmaticus treatment - ANS IV fluids, potent systemic bronchodilator, steroids,
epinephrine, oxygen
COPD risk factors - ANS § Smoking
§ Environmental tobacco smoke
§ Occupational dust and chemicals
§ Infection
§ Indoor and outdoor air pollution
§ Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency
§ Advancing age
COPD manifestations - ANS § Most common manifestations are:
· Dyspnea—starts with activity, then at rest when COPD severe
· Chronic cough—more severe in mornings
· Sputum production
§ Diagnosis is based on history and lung function testing:
· Chronic cough, progressive dyspnea and smoker=COPD suspicion
· Diagnostic criteria are FEV1 of less than 80% and an FEV1/FVC ratio of less than 70%
COPD nursing management - ANS § Position the pt in high fowlers
§ Encourage effective coughing, or suction to remove secretions
§ Encourage deep breathing and use of an incentive spirometer
§ Administer breathing treatments and medications
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
AND CORRECT ANSWERS VERIFIED
2025/2026.
When should a mantoux test be check - ANS 48-72 hours
what is considered a positive mantoux test? - ANS >5mm induration
Ipratropium action - ANS Decrease cGMP, bronchodilation
Ipratropium adverse effects - ANS dry mouth, urinary retention, pharyngitis, rash
Ipratropium Nursing Considerations - ANS assess for atropine and peanut allergy, listen to
lung
TB nursing interventions - ANS o Administer heated and humidified oxygen therapy
o Prevent infection transmission
o Teach the pt to cough and expectorate sputum into tissues that are disposed of by the pt into
provided plastic bags or no-touch receptacles
pulmonary embolism - ANS · Long-term immobility
· Oral contraceptive · Pregnancy
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,· Tobacco use
Hypercoagulability (elevated platelet count)
· Obesity
· Surgery
· Heart failure
· Central venous catheters
· Long bone fractures
· Cancer
· Trauma
PE clinical manifestations - ANS · Tachypnea, crackles, tachycardia, hypotension, sweating,
petechiae over chest and armpits
PE diagnostic tests - ANS a. Chest X-Ray - Not Diagnostic but Rules Out Other Causes b. V/Q
Scan
c. Spiral CT
d. + D-Dimer (type of fibrin split product)
e. Pulmonary Angiogram
f. MRI
g. Lower Extremity Doppler Studies (not emergent)
PE treatment - ANS *Immediate ID & Treatment is vital*
*Most deaths occur within 2 hours*
-IV, EKG
-Return pulmonary blood flow to normal
-Prevent recurrence
-Thrombolytic agents
-streptokinase
-urokinase
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, -retaplase - newer, longer half-life
-alteplase
-Oxygen therapy - even if O2 sats normal
-Surgery
-IVC filter
Status asthmaticus treatment - ANS IV fluids, potent systemic bronchodilator, steroids,
epinephrine, oxygen
COPD risk factors - ANS § Smoking
§ Environmental tobacco smoke
§ Occupational dust and chemicals
§ Infection
§ Indoor and outdoor air pollution
§ Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency
§ Advancing age
COPD manifestations - ANS § Most common manifestations are:
· Dyspnea—starts with activity, then at rest when COPD severe
· Chronic cough—more severe in mornings
· Sputum production
§ Diagnosis is based on history and lung function testing:
· Chronic cough, progressive dyspnea and smoker=COPD suspicion
· Diagnostic criteria are FEV1 of less than 80% and an FEV1/FVC ratio of less than 70%
COPD nursing management - ANS § Position the pt in high fowlers
§ Encourage effective coughing, or suction to remove secretions
§ Encourage deep breathing and use of an incentive spirometer
§ Administer breathing treatments and medications
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
