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1. Grapevine - ANSWER Informal communication network
2. Horizontal Communication - ANSWER Information shared among
people on the same hierarchical level
3. Media Richness - ANSWER The degree to which a communication
channel conveys information
4. One-way communication - ANSWER A process in which information
flows in only one direction - from the sender to the receiver, with no
feedback loop
5. Open-book management - ANSWER Practice of sharing with employees
at all levels of the organization vital information previously meant for
management's eyes only.
,6. Perception - ANSWER The process of receiving and interpreting
information.
7. Reflection - ANSWER Process by which a person states what he or she
believes the other person is saying.
8. Two-way communication - ANSWER A process in which information
flows in two directions - the receiver provides feedback, and the sender is
receptive to the feedback.
9. Upward communication - ANSWER Information that flows from lower
to higher levels in the organization's hierarchy.
10.Virtual office - ANSWER A mobile office in which people can work
anywhere, as long as they have the tools to communicate with customers
and colleagues.
11.Advantages of two-way communication - ANSWER Each person is both
a sender and a receiver as both parties provide and react to information.
-Slower and more difficult that one-way but is more accurate and results in
better performance.
12.Identify communication problems to avoid - ANSWER Process involves
a sender who conveys information to a receiver
can occur in all stages: encoding, transmission, decoding, and interpreting.
,Noise in the system further complicates communication, creating more
distortion. Moreover feedback may be unavailable or misleading.
Subjective perceptions and filtering add to the possibility of error
13.Describe when and how to use the various communication channels -
ANSWER Communications are sent through oral, written, and digital
channels. All have important advantages and disadvantages that you should
consider before choosing a channel.
Digital media have a huge impact on interpersonal and organizational
communications and make possible the virtual office.
Key advantages of digital media are speed, cots, and efficiency, but the
downsides are significant, including information overload.
Media richness, or how much and what sort of information a channel conveys,
is one factor to consider as you decide which channels to use and how to use
them both efficiently and effectively.
14.Ways to become a better sender and receiver of information - ANSWER
Practice writing, be critical of your work, and revise.
Train yourself as a speaker. Use language carefully and well and work to
overcome cross-cultural language differences. Be alert to the nonverbal signals
that you send, including your use of time as perceived by other people.
, Know the common bad listening habits and work to overcome them. Read
widely and engage in careful, firsthand observation and interpretation.
15.How to improve downward, upward, and horizontal communication -
ANSWER Actively manage communications in all directions. Engage in
two-way communication more than one-way. Make information available to
others.
- Useful approaches to downward communication include coaching, special
communications during difficult periods, and open-book management.
- You should also both help and motivate people to communicate upward.
- Many mechanisms exist for enhancing horizontal communications.
16.How to work with the company grapevine - ANSWER Managers must
understand that the grapevine cannot be eliminated and should be
managed actively.
- Many of the suggestions for managing formal communications apply also to
managing the grapevine. Moreover , managers can take steps to prevent
rumors or neutralize the ones that arise.
17.Describe the boundaryless organization and its advantages - ANSWER
Boundaries - psychological if not physical - exist between different
organizational levels, units, and organizations and external stakeholders.
- The boundaryless organization has no major barriers to the flow of
important communications. Ideas, information, decisions, and actions move
to where the are most needed.
- Relevant information should be available as needed so that the organization
as a whole functions far better than as separate parts.