Fundamentals of Chemotherapy Immunotherapy
Administration EXAM 2026 \LATEST UPDATE WITH
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE DETAILED
ANSWERS \LATEST UPDATE 2025-2026
Introduction to Pharmacology, Grand Canyon
University
All antineoplastic agents used to treat cancer, given through oral
Chemotherapy
and parenteral
routes or other routes as specified in the standard, not including
hormonal therapies.
Written and signed by licensed independent
Who can order
chemotherapy? practitioners (MD/DO, PA, Oncology NP)
Can you use verbal orders NO! Only when holding/stopping admin.
for chemotherapy?
Who can mix Chemotherapy? Pharmacist, Pharmacy tech, MD/DO, qualified RN
Registered Nurses with specialized education, prep and
Who can administer
chemotherapy? training. See specific state laws and statutes
How often is chemo Annual continuing ed and competency assessment is
competency reassessed> recommended
-confirm plan with patient
-two practitioners verify: drug name, dose, volume, rate,
What is the dose verification
route, expiration date, appearance
process?
-document verification in chart
-Gloves: two pairs, HD tested
What PPE is required for IV -Gown: disposable, back closed, long sleeved
Chemotherapy? -Respirator: NIOSH approved
-Eye & Face: face shield/mask
Neoadjuvant therapy (tumor Chemo BEFORE primary treatment (common in breast and colon)
burden)
Adjuvant therapy Chemo AFTER primary treatment (common in solid tumor)
Bone Marrow soft, sponge-like tissue in center of most bones, produce WBC,
RBC, and platelets.
Myelosuppression bone marrow activity is decreased, causing less RBC, WBC and
Platelets.
, Myeloablation severe myelosuppression
Induction phase initial phase, typically in hospital, intended myelosuppression
Consolidation phase after successful induction, kills cancer cells left in body
(intensification/postremission (ex radiation, stem cell transplant)
therapy)
Synergy when one chemo drug helps another work better at the same
time
Complete response no identifiable cancer present for at least one month or longer
Partial response Measurable tumor reduced by 50% for at least one month with
no new tumors
Stable disease Tumor size reduced by less than 50% or less than 25% increase in
growth
Progressive disease tumor growth more than 25% or new cancer
-G1 phase
-S phase
What are the phases of the
-G2 phase
cell cycle?
-M phase
What happens in G1 phase? The cell increases in size and prepares to replicate its DNA.
What do chemo drugs do to Prevent cell from making DNA and/or RNA (replicating)
target S phase? (ex: antifolates (methotrexate), antipyrimidines (5-fu), antipurines
(hydroxyurea))
Cells prepare to divide, chemo drugs stop development
What do chemo drugs do to
of elements needed for cell division
target G2 phase?
(ex: topoisomerase I and II inhibitors, bleomycin)
Cells divide, drugs prevent cell division, including metaphase
What do chemo drugs do
arrest or microtubular disorganization
to target M phase?
(ex: plant alkaloids and taxanes)
Active throughout the cell cycle:
-alkylating agents
-anthracycline antibiotics
What are some examples -nitrosureas
of cell cycle non- specific -miscellaneous
drugs?
-cell cycle nonspecific
-damage DNA to prevent cancer cells from reproducing
What are alkylating
-create breaks in DNA
agents?
Administration EXAM 2026 \LATEST UPDATE WITH
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE DETAILED
ANSWERS \LATEST UPDATE 2025-2026
Introduction to Pharmacology, Grand Canyon
University
All antineoplastic agents used to treat cancer, given through oral
Chemotherapy
and parenteral
routes or other routes as specified in the standard, not including
hormonal therapies.
Written and signed by licensed independent
Who can order
chemotherapy? practitioners (MD/DO, PA, Oncology NP)
Can you use verbal orders NO! Only when holding/stopping admin.
for chemotherapy?
Who can mix Chemotherapy? Pharmacist, Pharmacy tech, MD/DO, qualified RN
Registered Nurses with specialized education, prep and
Who can administer
chemotherapy? training. See specific state laws and statutes
How often is chemo Annual continuing ed and competency assessment is
competency reassessed> recommended
-confirm plan with patient
-two practitioners verify: drug name, dose, volume, rate,
What is the dose verification
route, expiration date, appearance
process?
-document verification in chart
-Gloves: two pairs, HD tested
What PPE is required for IV -Gown: disposable, back closed, long sleeved
Chemotherapy? -Respirator: NIOSH approved
-Eye & Face: face shield/mask
Neoadjuvant therapy (tumor Chemo BEFORE primary treatment (common in breast and colon)
burden)
Adjuvant therapy Chemo AFTER primary treatment (common in solid tumor)
Bone Marrow soft, sponge-like tissue in center of most bones, produce WBC,
RBC, and platelets.
Myelosuppression bone marrow activity is decreased, causing less RBC, WBC and
Platelets.
, Myeloablation severe myelosuppression
Induction phase initial phase, typically in hospital, intended myelosuppression
Consolidation phase after successful induction, kills cancer cells left in body
(intensification/postremission (ex radiation, stem cell transplant)
therapy)
Synergy when one chemo drug helps another work better at the same
time
Complete response no identifiable cancer present for at least one month or longer
Partial response Measurable tumor reduced by 50% for at least one month with
no new tumors
Stable disease Tumor size reduced by less than 50% or less than 25% increase in
growth
Progressive disease tumor growth more than 25% or new cancer
-G1 phase
-S phase
What are the phases of the
-G2 phase
cell cycle?
-M phase
What happens in G1 phase? The cell increases in size and prepares to replicate its DNA.
What do chemo drugs do to Prevent cell from making DNA and/or RNA (replicating)
target S phase? (ex: antifolates (methotrexate), antipyrimidines (5-fu), antipurines
(hydroxyurea))
Cells prepare to divide, chemo drugs stop development
What do chemo drugs do to
of elements needed for cell division
target G2 phase?
(ex: topoisomerase I and II inhibitors, bleomycin)
Cells divide, drugs prevent cell division, including metaphase
What do chemo drugs do
arrest or microtubular disorganization
to target M phase?
(ex: plant alkaloids and taxanes)
Active throughout the cell cycle:
-alkylating agents
-anthracycline antibiotics
What are some examples -nitrosureas
of cell cycle non- specific -miscellaneous
drugs?
-cell cycle nonspecific
-damage DNA to prevent cancer cells from reproducing
What are alkylating
-create breaks in DNA
agents?
