TEST BANK
Microbiology
An Evolving Science
Joan L. Slonczewski, John W. Foster, Erik R. Zinser
5th Edition
, Microbiology: An Evolving Science 5th Edition Slonczewski TEST BANK
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery
Chapter 2: Observing the Microbial Cell
Chapter 3: Cell Structure and Function
Chapter 4: Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development
Chapter 5: Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth
Chapter 6: Viruses
Chapter 7: Genomes and Chromosomes
Chapter 8: Transcription, Translation, and Protein Processing
Chapter 9: Genetic Change and Genome Evolution
Chapter 10: Molecular Regulation
Chapter 11: Viral Molecular Biology
Chapter 12: Molecular Complexity and Synthetic Biology
Chapter 13: Energetics and Catabolism
Chapter 14: Electron Flow in Organotrophy, Lithotrophy, and Phototrophy
Chapter 15: Biosynthesis
Chapter 16: Food and Industrial Microbiology
Chapter 17: Origins and Evolution
Chapter 18: Bacterial Diversity
Chapter 19: Archaeal Diversity
Chapter 20: Eukaryotic Diversity
Chapter 21: Microbial Ecology
Chapter 22: Element Cycles and Environmental Microbiology
Chapter 23: The Human Microbiome and Innate Immunity
Chapter 24: The Adaptive Immune Response
Chapter 25: Pathogenesis
Chapter 26: Microbial Diseases
Chapter 27: Antimicrobial Therapy and Discovery
Chapter 28: Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology
, Microbiology: An Evolving Science 5th Edition Slonczewski TEST BANK
CHAPTER 1: Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Viruses are:
a. infectious agents that infect multi-cellular organisms
b. noncellular particles that take over the metabolism of a cell to generate more virus
particles
c. pathogens that replicate in complex growth media
d. cellular particles that belong to the archaea domain
e. microbes that consist of lipid membrane enclosed genomes
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 TOP: I.A | I.B
MSC: Remembering
2. Analysis of DNA sequences reveals:
a. the ancient convergence of two cell types, i.e., prokaryotes and eukaryotes
b. prokaryotes and eukaryotes evolved from a common ancestral cell
c. that bacteria share common ancestor with archaea, but not with eukarya
d. prokaryotes are cells with a nucleus
e. the genome of Haemophilus influenzae has about 2 billion base pairs
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 TOP: I.A | I.B
MSC: Remembering
3. Which of these groups are considered to be microbes but NOT considered to be cells?
a. viruses d. protists
b. bacteria e. filamentous fungi
c. archaea
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 TOP: I.A.i
MSC: Remembering
4. A microbe is commonly defined as:
a. a virus that requires a microscope to be seen
b. a bacterium that requires a microscope to be seen
c. a single-cellular prokaryote that requires a microscope to be seen
d. a multicellular eukaryote that requires a microscope to be seen
e. a living organism that requires a microscope to be seen
ANS: E DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 TOP: I.A.i | I.A.ii
MSC: Remembering
5. Which one of the following statements regarding microbial cells is NOT true?
a. Microbial cells acquire food, gain energy to build themselves, and respond to
environmental change.
, Microbiology: An Evolving Science 5th Edition Slonczewski TEST BANK
b. Most single-celled organisms require a microscope to render them visible, but some
bacterial cells are large enough to be seen with naked eyes.
c. Microbes function as individual entities.
d. Many microbes form complex multicellular assemblages.
e. Viruses are not considered as microbial cells.
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 TOP: I.A.i | I.A.ii
MSC: Remembering
6. Which of the following statements is FALSE?
a. A genome is the total genetic information contained in an RUJDQLVP·V chromosomal DNA.
b. If a PLFUREH·V genome includes genes for nitrogenase, that microbe probably can fix
nitrogen.
c. By comparing DNA sequences of different organisms, we can figure out how closely
related they are.
d. Fred Sanger developed the first applicable DNA sequencing method.
e. Fred Sanger completed the sequences of Haemophilus influenzae.
ANS: E DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 TOP: I.B
MSC: Remembering
7. The first cellular genomes to be sequenced were those of:
a. humans d. prions
b. bacteria e. fungi
c. viruses
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 TOP: I.B.i
MSC: Remembering
8. The environment of early Earth may have contained all of the following EXCEPT:
a. ferrous iron d. oxygen
b. methane e. hydrogen gas
c. ammonia
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: Special Topic 1.1
TOP: II.D MSC: Remembering
9. The development of the theory of the ʊRNA world ۅresulted from the discovery of:
a. archaea d. ribozymes
b. prions e. endosymbionts
c. bacteria
ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: Special Topic 1.1
TOP: II.D MSC: Remembering
10. Which microbes may resemble those of the earliest life forms?
a. archaea d. cyanobacteria
b. photosynthetic algae e. protists
c. viruses
ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: Special Topic 1.1
TOP: II.D MSC: Remembering
11. Early metabolism may have been catalyzed by:
a. DNA d. amino acids
b. RNA e. carbohydrates
, Microbiology: An Evolving Science 5th Edition Slonczewski TEST BANK
c. protein
ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: Special Topic 1.1
TOP: II.D MSC: Remembering
12. Which of the following diseases accounts for more than half of all human mortality?
a. cardiovascular disease d. microbial disease
b. cancer e. strokes
c. accidents
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 TOP: II.A
MSC: Remembering
13. Which century is known as the golden age of microbiology?
a. the seventeenth d. the twentieth
b. the eighteenth e. the twenty-first
c. the nineteenth
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 TOP: II.A
MSC: Remembering
14. All of the following have been found in mummies and tomb art EXCEPT:
a. tuberculosis d. smallpox
b. polio e. AIDS
c. leprosy
ANS: E DIF: Medium REF: 1.2 TOP: II.A.i
MSC: Remembering
15. How did European invaders to North America kill much of the native population?
a. tuberculosis d. HIV
b. leprosy e. bubonic plague
c. smallpox
ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: 1.2 TOP: II.A.i
MSC: Remembering
16. Nightingale:
a. is better known as the founder of professional nursing
b. was the first to use disinfectant to demonstrate the significance of aseptic technique
c. developed the pie chart of mortality data during the Crimean War
d. performed the first controlled experiment on the chemical conversion of matter, known
today as chemotherapy
e. all of the above
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 TOP: II.A.ii
MSC: Remembering
17. Who developed the concept of medical statistics?
a. Francis Crick d. Louis Pasteur
b. Florence Nightingale e. Alexander Fleming
c. Edward Jenner
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 TOP: II.A.ii
MSC: Remembering
, Microbiology: An Evolving Science 5th Edition Slonczewski TEST BANK
18. The first person to visualize individual microbes was:
a. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek d. Lady Montagu
b. Robert Hooke e. Edward Jenner
c. Louis Pasteur
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 TOP: II.B.ii
MSC: Remembering
19. Which technique was developed to distinguish bacteria from human cells?
a. Gram stain d. DNA sequencing
b. electron microscopy e. polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
c. X-ray diffraction
ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: 1.2 TOP: II.B.ii
MSC: Remembering
20. How is most sterilization performed for the controlled study of microbes?
a. boiling d. autoclaving
b. pasteurization e. irradiation
c. filter sterilization
ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: 1.2 TOP: II.C.iii.a
MSC: Remembering
21. Microbes can shape human history via:
a. lithotrophic activities d. production of cheese
b. production of alcoholic beverages e. all of the above
c. diseases that they cause
ANS: E DIF: Medium REF: 1.2 TOP: II.A
MSC: Understanding
22. 6XSSRVH3DVWHXU·VVZDQ-necked flasks containing boiled broth became cloudy 24 hours after boiling.
Which choice could best explain the turbidity or cloudiness in the broth without supporting
spontaneous generation?
a. Endospores in the broth survived boiling and grew after the broth cooled.
b. Contaminating organisms in the broth killed by boiling became alive again after the broth
cooled.
c. Chemicals in the broth came together to form living organisms.
d. The broth allowed light to pass through it with less interference after boiling.
e. Solid material in the broth dissolved during boiling.
ANS: A DIF: Difficult REF: 1.2 TOP: II.C.ii.b
MSC: Applying
23. Robert .RFK·V greatest accomplishment in the field of medical bacteriology was with:
a. Escherichia coli d. rabies
b. Bacillus subtilis e. smallpox
c. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: 1.3 TOP: III.B.i
MSC: Remembering
24. The use of agar as the gelling agent in solid media was suggested by:
a. Robert Koch d. Louis Pasteur
b. Ignaz Semmelweis e. Richard Petri
, Microbiology: An Evolving Science 5th Edition Slonczewski TEST BANK
c. Angelina Hesse
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1.3 TOP: III.B.i.a
MSC: Remembering
25. It took the advent of the PCR to detect the presence of the causative agent for which disease?
a. anthrax d. rabies
b. tuberculosis e. smallpox
c. AIDS
ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: 1.3 TOP: III.B.ii
MSC: Remembering
26. The word ʊvaccination ۅis derived from the Latin word vacca, which meANS:
a. inject d. cow
b. smallpox e. pustule
c. immunize
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 1.3 TOP: III.C.i
MSC: Remembering
27. What is the basis for the modern smallpox vaccine?
a. chickenpox virus d. smallpox virus
b. cowpox virus e. anthrax
c. rabies virus
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.3 TOP: III.C.i
MSC: Remembering
28. Penicillin was first used to save the lives of many people during which war?
a. Civil War d. World War I
b. Korean War e. World War II
c. Vietnam War
ANS: E DIF: Easy REF: 1.3 TOP: III.C.iv
MSC: Remembering
29. Which of the following can safely be ingested to fight bacterial infections?
a. antiseptics d. chlorine
b. disinfectants e. antibiotics
c. phenol
ANS: E DIF: Easy REF: 1.3 TOP: III.C.iv
MSC: Remembering
30. All of the following are true about penicillin EXCEPT:
a. It was discovered by Alexander Fleming.
b. It was an accidental discovery.
c. It is produced by a bacterium.
d. It was the first antibiotic used by humans.
e. It was purified by Florey and Chain.
ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: 1.3 TOP: III.C.iv
MSC: Remembering
31. Which one of the following statements regarding viruses is FALSE?
, Microbiology: An Evolving Science 5th Edition Slonczewski TEST BANK
a. They are too small to be seen by a light microscope.
b. They are ۅfilterable agents ۅthat can pass through porcelain filters having a pore size that
blocks microbes.
c. Their genomes could be composed of DNA or RNA.
d. They are smaller than viroids and prions.
e. Viral particles, when pure enough, can be crystallized.
ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: 1.3 TOP: III.D
MSC: Remembering
32. You have isolated a bacterium that you believe to be the causative agent of a new disease in
frogs. How would you test the third of .RFK·Vpostulates?
a. Determine the shape of the bacterial cells.
b. Inject the bacteria into a healthy frog.
c. Isolate the bacterium from a sick frog.
d. Show that the bacterium is not present in healthy frogs.
e. Grow a pure culture of the bacterium outside the frog.
ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: 1.3 TOP: III.B.ii
MSC: Applying
33. How did Sergei Winogradsky grow lithotrophs?
a. enrichment culture d. endosymbiosis
b. organic media e. chain of infection
c. pure culture
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 1.4 TOP: IV.A.iii
MSC: Remembering
34. Organisms that live symbiotically inside a larger organism are known as:
a. organelles d. endosymbionts
b. cyanobacteria e. chloroplasts
c. mitochondria
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 1.4 TOP: IV.B
MSC: Remembering
35. Which group of microorganisms includes many that grow in extreme environments?
a. algae d. archaea
b. bacteria e. fungi
c. protists
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 1.4 TOP: IV.B
MSC: Remembering
36. Carl :RHVH·V discovery replaced the classification scheme of five kingdoms with a scheme of three:
a. phyla d. orders
b. domains e. genera
c. classes
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.5 TOP: V.D
MSC: Remembering
37. The genetic expression machinery of archaea is most similar to:
a. monera d. eukaryotes
b. prokaryotes e. mitochondria
, Microbiology: An Evolving Science 5th Edition Slonczewski TEST BANK
c. bacteria
ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: 1.5 TOP: V.D
MSC: Remembering
38. In the three-domain model, the bacterial ancestor of mitochondria derives from ancient:
a. fungi d. archaea
b. cyanobacteria e. protists
c. proteobacteria
ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: 1.5 TOP: V.D
MSC: Remembering
39. Which of the following organelles are thought to be of prokaryotic origin?
a. chloroplast d. chloroplast and mitochondria
b. mitochondria e. chloroplast and nucleus
c. nucleus
ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: 1.5 TOP: V.D
MSC: Remembering
40. In the three-domain model, the bacterial ancestor of chloroplasts derives from ancient:
a. fungi d. archaea
b. cyanobacteria e. protists
c. proteobacteria
ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: 1.5 TOP: V.D
MSC: Remembering
41. How are microbes classified today?
a. comparative genomics d. protein sequencing
b. microscopy e. 16S rRNA sequencing
c. X-ray diffraction
ANS: E DIF: Medium REF: 1.5 TOP: V.D
MSC: Applying
42. What is used to focus the beam of electrons in an electron microscope?
a. electromagnets d. X-ray diffraction
b. condenser lens e. glass
c. light rays
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 1.6 TOP: VI.A.i
MSC: Remembering
43. Peter Mitchell and Jennifer Moyle discovered the theory in the 1960s.
a. germplasm d. DNA synthesis
b. evolution e. polymerase chain reaction
c. chemiosmotic
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1.6 TOP: VI.B.ii
MSC: Remembering
44. The X-ray diffraction studies by which of the following scientists concluded that DNA was a double
helix?
a. James Watson d. Maurice Wilkins
, Microbiology: An Evolving Science 5th Edition Slonczewski TEST BANK
b. Rosalind Franklin e. Kary Mullis
c. Francis Crick
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.6 TOP: VI.C
MSC: Remembering
45. What type of analysis was used to discover the overall structure of the DNA double helix?
a. microscopy d. DNA sequencing
b. X-ray diffraction e. recombinant DNA
c. polymerase chain reaction
ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: 1.6 TOP: VI.C
MSC: Remembering
46. Which scientist first discovered the process of transformation?
a. Francis Crick d. Louis Pasteur
b. Robert Koch e. Frederick Griffith
c. Edward Jenner
ANS: E DIF: Difficult REF: 1.6 TOP: VI.C
MSC: Remembering
47. Taq polymerase formed the basis of a multibillion-dollar industry of:
a. comparative genomics d. DNA amplification
b. recombinant DNA e. DNA sequencing
c. X-ray diffraction
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 1.6 TOP: VI.C.ii
MSC: Remembering
48. The Asilomar Conference was held to regulate and restrict the field of:
a. recombinant DNA d. DNA amplification
b. comparative genomics e. forensic microbiology
c. DNA sequencing
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 1.6 TOP: VI.C.iii
MSC: Remembering
49. The study of and cause of disease in humans, animals, and plants is called:
a. microbiology d. epidemiology
b. phylogeny e. forensics
c. genomics
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 1.6 TOP: VI.D
MSC: Remembering
50. The analysis of microbial strains as evidence in criminal investigations is known as:
a. forensic microbiology d. classification
b. recombinant DNA e. gene regulation
c. comparative genomics
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 1.6 TOP: VI.D
MSC: Remembering
SHORT ANSWER
Microbiology
An Evolving Science
Joan L. Slonczewski, John W. Foster, Erik R. Zinser
5th Edition
, Microbiology: An Evolving Science 5th Edition Slonczewski TEST BANK
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery
Chapter 2: Observing the Microbial Cell
Chapter 3: Cell Structure and Function
Chapter 4: Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development
Chapter 5: Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth
Chapter 6: Viruses
Chapter 7: Genomes and Chromosomes
Chapter 8: Transcription, Translation, and Protein Processing
Chapter 9: Genetic Change and Genome Evolution
Chapter 10: Molecular Regulation
Chapter 11: Viral Molecular Biology
Chapter 12: Molecular Complexity and Synthetic Biology
Chapter 13: Energetics and Catabolism
Chapter 14: Electron Flow in Organotrophy, Lithotrophy, and Phototrophy
Chapter 15: Biosynthesis
Chapter 16: Food and Industrial Microbiology
Chapter 17: Origins and Evolution
Chapter 18: Bacterial Diversity
Chapter 19: Archaeal Diversity
Chapter 20: Eukaryotic Diversity
Chapter 21: Microbial Ecology
Chapter 22: Element Cycles and Environmental Microbiology
Chapter 23: The Human Microbiome and Innate Immunity
Chapter 24: The Adaptive Immune Response
Chapter 25: Pathogenesis
Chapter 26: Microbial Diseases
Chapter 27: Antimicrobial Therapy and Discovery
Chapter 28: Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology
, Microbiology: An Evolving Science 5th Edition Slonczewski TEST BANK
CHAPTER 1: Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Viruses are:
a. infectious agents that infect multi-cellular organisms
b. noncellular particles that take over the metabolism of a cell to generate more virus
particles
c. pathogens that replicate in complex growth media
d. cellular particles that belong to the archaea domain
e. microbes that consist of lipid membrane enclosed genomes
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 TOP: I.A | I.B
MSC: Remembering
2. Analysis of DNA sequences reveals:
a. the ancient convergence of two cell types, i.e., prokaryotes and eukaryotes
b. prokaryotes and eukaryotes evolved from a common ancestral cell
c. that bacteria share common ancestor with archaea, but not with eukarya
d. prokaryotes are cells with a nucleus
e. the genome of Haemophilus influenzae has about 2 billion base pairs
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 TOP: I.A | I.B
MSC: Remembering
3. Which of these groups are considered to be microbes but NOT considered to be cells?
a. viruses d. protists
b. bacteria e. filamentous fungi
c. archaea
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 TOP: I.A.i
MSC: Remembering
4. A microbe is commonly defined as:
a. a virus that requires a microscope to be seen
b. a bacterium that requires a microscope to be seen
c. a single-cellular prokaryote that requires a microscope to be seen
d. a multicellular eukaryote that requires a microscope to be seen
e. a living organism that requires a microscope to be seen
ANS: E DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 TOP: I.A.i | I.A.ii
MSC: Remembering
5. Which one of the following statements regarding microbial cells is NOT true?
a. Microbial cells acquire food, gain energy to build themselves, and respond to
environmental change.
, Microbiology: An Evolving Science 5th Edition Slonczewski TEST BANK
b. Most single-celled organisms require a microscope to render them visible, but some
bacterial cells are large enough to be seen with naked eyes.
c. Microbes function as individual entities.
d. Many microbes form complex multicellular assemblages.
e. Viruses are not considered as microbial cells.
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 TOP: I.A.i | I.A.ii
MSC: Remembering
6. Which of the following statements is FALSE?
a. A genome is the total genetic information contained in an RUJDQLVP·V chromosomal DNA.
b. If a PLFUREH·V genome includes genes for nitrogenase, that microbe probably can fix
nitrogen.
c. By comparing DNA sequences of different organisms, we can figure out how closely
related they are.
d. Fred Sanger developed the first applicable DNA sequencing method.
e. Fred Sanger completed the sequences of Haemophilus influenzae.
ANS: E DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 TOP: I.B
MSC: Remembering
7. The first cellular genomes to be sequenced were those of:
a. humans d. prions
b. bacteria e. fungi
c. viruses
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 TOP: I.B.i
MSC: Remembering
8. The environment of early Earth may have contained all of the following EXCEPT:
a. ferrous iron d. oxygen
b. methane e. hydrogen gas
c. ammonia
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: Special Topic 1.1
TOP: II.D MSC: Remembering
9. The development of the theory of the ʊRNA world ۅresulted from the discovery of:
a. archaea d. ribozymes
b. prions e. endosymbionts
c. bacteria
ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: Special Topic 1.1
TOP: II.D MSC: Remembering
10. Which microbes may resemble those of the earliest life forms?
a. archaea d. cyanobacteria
b. photosynthetic algae e. protists
c. viruses
ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: Special Topic 1.1
TOP: II.D MSC: Remembering
11. Early metabolism may have been catalyzed by:
a. DNA d. amino acids
b. RNA e. carbohydrates
, Microbiology: An Evolving Science 5th Edition Slonczewski TEST BANK
c. protein
ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: Special Topic 1.1
TOP: II.D MSC: Remembering
12. Which of the following diseases accounts for more than half of all human mortality?
a. cardiovascular disease d. microbial disease
b. cancer e. strokes
c. accidents
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 TOP: II.A
MSC: Remembering
13. Which century is known as the golden age of microbiology?
a. the seventeenth d. the twentieth
b. the eighteenth e. the twenty-first
c. the nineteenth
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 TOP: II.A
MSC: Remembering
14. All of the following have been found in mummies and tomb art EXCEPT:
a. tuberculosis d. smallpox
b. polio e. AIDS
c. leprosy
ANS: E DIF: Medium REF: 1.2 TOP: II.A.i
MSC: Remembering
15. How did European invaders to North America kill much of the native population?
a. tuberculosis d. HIV
b. leprosy e. bubonic plague
c. smallpox
ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: 1.2 TOP: II.A.i
MSC: Remembering
16. Nightingale:
a. is better known as the founder of professional nursing
b. was the first to use disinfectant to demonstrate the significance of aseptic technique
c. developed the pie chart of mortality data during the Crimean War
d. performed the first controlled experiment on the chemical conversion of matter, known
today as chemotherapy
e. all of the above
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 TOP: II.A.ii
MSC: Remembering
17. Who developed the concept of medical statistics?
a. Francis Crick d. Louis Pasteur
b. Florence Nightingale e. Alexander Fleming
c. Edward Jenner
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 TOP: II.A.ii
MSC: Remembering
, Microbiology: An Evolving Science 5th Edition Slonczewski TEST BANK
18. The first person to visualize individual microbes was:
a. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek d. Lady Montagu
b. Robert Hooke e. Edward Jenner
c. Louis Pasteur
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 TOP: II.B.ii
MSC: Remembering
19. Which technique was developed to distinguish bacteria from human cells?
a. Gram stain d. DNA sequencing
b. electron microscopy e. polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
c. X-ray diffraction
ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: 1.2 TOP: II.B.ii
MSC: Remembering
20. How is most sterilization performed for the controlled study of microbes?
a. boiling d. autoclaving
b. pasteurization e. irradiation
c. filter sterilization
ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: 1.2 TOP: II.C.iii.a
MSC: Remembering
21. Microbes can shape human history via:
a. lithotrophic activities d. production of cheese
b. production of alcoholic beverages e. all of the above
c. diseases that they cause
ANS: E DIF: Medium REF: 1.2 TOP: II.A
MSC: Understanding
22. 6XSSRVH3DVWHXU·VVZDQ-necked flasks containing boiled broth became cloudy 24 hours after boiling.
Which choice could best explain the turbidity or cloudiness in the broth without supporting
spontaneous generation?
a. Endospores in the broth survived boiling and grew after the broth cooled.
b. Contaminating organisms in the broth killed by boiling became alive again after the broth
cooled.
c. Chemicals in the broth came together to form living organisms.
d. The broth allowed light to pass through it with less interference after boiling.
e. Solid material in the broth dissolved during boiling.
ANS: A DIF: Difficult REF: 1.2 TOP: II.C.ii.b
MSC: Applying
23. Robert .RFK·V greatest accomplishment in the field of medical bacteriology was with:
a. Escherichia coli d. rabies
b. Bacillus subtilis e. smallpox
c. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: 1.3 TOP: III.B.i
MSC: Remembering
24. The use of agar as the gelling agent in solid media was suggested by:
a. Robert Koch d. Louis Pasteur
b. Ignaz Semmelweis e. Richard Petri
, Microbiology: An Evolving Science 5th Edition Slonczewski TEST BANK
c. Angelina Hesse
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1.3 TOP: III.B.i.a
MSC: Remembering
25. It took the advent of the PCR to detect the presence of the causative agent for which disease?
a. anthrax d. rabies
b. tuberculosis e. smallpox
c. AIDS
ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: 1.3 TOP: III.B.ii
MSC: Remembering
26. The word ʊvaccination ۅis derived from the Latin word vacca, which meANS:
a. inject d. cow
b. smallpox e. pustule
c. immunize
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 1.3 TOP: III.C.i
MSC: Remembering
27. What is the basis for the modern smallpox vaccine?
a. chickenpox virus d. smallpox virus
b. cowpox virus e. anthrax
c. rabies virus
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.3 TOP: III.C.i
MSC: Remembering
28. Penicillin was first used to save the lives of many people during which war?
a. Civil War d. World War I
b. Korean War e. World War II
c. Vietnam War
ANS: E DIF: Easy REF: 1.3 TOP: III.C.iv
MSC: Remembering
29. Which of the following can safely be ingested to fight bacterial infections?
a. antiseptics d. chlorine
b. disinfectants e. antibiotics
c. phenol
ANS: E DIF: Easy REF: 1.3 TOP: III.C.iv
MSC: Remembering
30. All of the following are true about penicillin EXCEPT:
a. It was discovered by Alexander Fleming.
b. It was an accidental discovery.
c. It is produced by a bacterium.
d. It was the first antibiotic used by humans.
e. It was purified by Florey and Chain.
ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: 1.3 TOP: III.C.iv
MSC: Remembering
31. Which one of the following statements regarding viruses is FALSE?
, Microbiology: An Evolving Science 5th Edition Slonczewski TEST BANK
a. They are too small to be seen by a light microscope.
b. They are ۅfilterable agents ۅthat can pass through porcelain filters having a pore size that
blocks microbes.
c. Their genomes could be composed of DNA or RNA.
d. They are smaller than viroids and prions.
e. Viral particles, when pure enough, can be crystallized.
ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: 1.3 TOP: III.D
MSC: Remembering
32. You have isolated a bacterium that you believe to be the causative agent of a new disease in
frogs. How would you test the third of .RFK·Vpostulates?
a. Determine the shape of the bacterial cells.
b. Inject the bacteria into a healthy frog.
c. Isolate the bacterium from a sick frog.
d. Show that the bacterium is not present in healthy frogs.
e. Grow a pure culture of the bacterium outside the frog.
ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: 1.3 TOP: III.B.ii
MSC: Applying
33. How did Sergei Winogradsky grow lithotrophs?
a. enrichment culture d. endosymbiosis
b. organic media e. chain of infection
c. pure culture
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 1.4 TOP: IV.A.iii
MSC: Remembering
34. Organisms that live symbiotically inside a larger organism are known as:
a. organelles d. endosymbionts
b. cyanobacteria e. chloroplasts
c. mitochondria
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 1.4 TOP: IV.B
MSC: Remembering
35. Which group of microorganisms includes many that grow in extreme environments?
a. algae d. archaea
b. bacteria e. fungi
c. protists
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 1.4 TOP: IV.B
MSC: Remembering
36. Carl :RHVH·V discovery replaced the classification scheme of five kingdoms with a scheme of three:
a. phyla d. orders
b. domains e. genera
c. classes
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.5 TOP: V.D
MSC: Remembering
37. The genetic expression machinery of archaea is most similar to:
a. monera d. eukaryotes
b. prokaryotes e. mitochondria
, Microbiology: An Evolving Science 5th Edition Slonczewski TEST BANK
c. bacteria
ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: 1.5 TOP: V.D
MSC: Remembering
38. In the three-domain model, the bacterial ancestor of mitochondria derives from ancient:
a. fungi d. archaea
b. cyanobacteria e. protists
c. proteobacteria
ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: 1.5 TOP: V.D
MSC: Remembering
39. Which of the following organelles are thought to be of prokaryotic origin?
a. chloroplast d. chloroplast and mitochondria
b. mitochondria e. chloroplast and nucleus
c. nucleus
ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: 1.5 TOP: V.D
MSC: Remembering
40. In the three-domain model, the bacterial ancestor of chloroplasts derives from ancient:
a. fungi d. archaea
b. cyanobacteria e. protists
c. proteobacteria
ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: 1.5 TOP: V.D
MSC: Remembering
41. How are microbes classified today?
a. comparative genomics d. protein sequencing
b. microscopy e. 16S rRNA sequencing
c. X-ray diffraction
ANS: E DIF: Medium REF: 1.5 TOP: V.D
MSC: Applying
42. What is used to focus the beam of electrons in an electron microscope?
a. electromagnets d. X-ray diffraction
b. condenser lens e. glass
c. light rays
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 1.6 TOP: VI.A.i
MSC: Remembering
43. Peter Mitchell and Jennifer Moyle discovered the theory in the 1960s.
a. germplasm d. DNA synthesis
b. evolution e. polymerase chain reaction
c. chemiosmotic
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1.6 TOP: VI.B.ii
MSC: Remembering
44. The X-ray diffraction studies by which of the following scientists concluded that DNA was a double
helix?
a. James Watson d. Maurice Wilkins
, Microbiology: An Evolving Science 5th Edition Slonczewski TEST BANK
b. Rosalind Franklin e. Kary Mullis
c. Francis Crick
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.6 TOP: VI.C
MSC: Remembering
45. What type of analysis was used to discover the overall structure of the DNA double helix?
a. microscopy d. DNA sequencing
b. X-ray diffraction e. recombinant DNA
c. polymerase chain reaction
ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: 1.6 TOP: VI.C
MSC: Remembering
46. Which scientist first discovered the process of transformation?
a. Francis Crick d. Louis Pasteur
b. Robert Koch e. Frederick Griffith
c. Edward Jenner
ANS: E DIF: Difficult REF: 1.6 TOP: VI.C
MSC: Remembering
47. Taq polymerase formed the basis of a multibillion-dollar industry of:
a. comparative genomics d. DNA amplification
b. recombinant DNA e. DNA sequencing
c. X-ray diffraction
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 1.6 TOP: VI.C.ii
MSC: Remembering
48. The Asilomar Conference was held to regulate and restrict the field of:
a. recombinant DNA d. DNA amplification
b. comparative genomics e. forensic microbiology
c. DNA sequencing
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 1.6 TOP: VI.C.iii
MSC: Remembering
49. The study of and cause of disease in humans, animals, and plants is called:
a. microbiology d. epidemiology
b. phylogeny e. forensics
c. genomics
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 1.6 TOP: VI.D
MSC: Remembering
50. The analysis of microbial strains as evidence in criminal investigations is known as:
a. forensic microbiology d. classification
b. recombinant DNA e. gene regulation
c. comparative genomics
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 1.6 TOP: VI.D
MSC: Remembering
SHORT ANSWER
