NUR 2310C – Level 3 pediatric Exam #3 review EXAM
2026 \LATEST UPDATE WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS \VERIFIED 100% LATEST
UPDATE 2025-2026
Sudden, brief, massive muscle jerks that may involve
Myoclonic seizure
the whole body or one body part.
Generalized onset motor Child may or may not lose consciousness.
seizure
Type of generalized seizure often referred to as 'drop
Atonic seizure
attacks'; sudden loss of muscle tone.
Lennox-Gastaut syndrome Seen in children with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.
Recovery after atonic seizure Child will regain consciousness within a few seconds to a minute.
Seizure that occurs in one part of the brain; symptoms
Focal onset with retained
consciousness depend on which area is affected.
Characterized by clonic or tonic movements involving
Motor activity in focal seizures
the face, neck, and extremities.
Can include numbness, tingling, paresthesia, changes in vision
Sensory signs in focal seizures
and hearing, possible hallucinations, or pain.
Autonomic symptoms in focal Can include changes in blood pressure, heart rhythm, bowel
seizures function.
Psychic symptoms in focal Can include triggering emotions of fear, anxiety, joy, sadness.
seizures
Consciousness in focal Child remains conscious and may verbalize during the seizure; no
seizures postictal state.
Consciousness will be impaired; automatisms and
Focal seizure with impaired
consciousness complex purposeful movements are common
features.
Infants will present with behaviors such as lip smacking,
Infant behaviors in seizures
chewing, swallowing, and excessive salivation.
Will see picking or pulling at bed sheets or clothing,
Older children behaviors in
seizures rubbing objects, or running or walking in a
nondirective and repetitive fashion.
,Onset of seizures May be generalized, focal or absence.
Status epilepticus Common neurologic emergency in children; can occur with any
seizure activity.
Febrile seizures The most common type of seizure in young children.
Prolonged or clustered seizures where consciousness
Prolonged seizures
does not return between seizures.
The age of the child, cause of the seizures, and duration
Prognosis factors in status
epilepticus of status epilepticus influence prognosis.
Medical intervention in status Prompt medical intervention is essential to reduce morbidity and
epilepticus mortality.
Basic life support ABCs (airway, breathing, circulation) are crucial.
, Administration of anticonvulsants to cease seizures is
Anticonvulsants
crucial; common medications include benzodiazepines
such as lorazepam and diazepam, and fosphenytoin.
Assess for excessive sedation, monitor serum levels to
Monitoring during treatment
ensure therapeutic dosing, and monitor for drug
interactions.
Monitor folate, vitamin B, vitamin D, and calcium levels;
Nutritional monitoring
increase vitamin D-fortified foods or administer
supplement, if prescribed.
Withdrawal symptoms Withdrawal symptoms will occur if drug is stopped abruptly.
Valproic acid Interferes with this drug, causing increased phenobarbital levels.
Phenytoin IV and PO; IM administration is contraindicated.
Monitor serum levels To ensure therapeutic dosing.
Gingival hyperplasia Appears most commonly in children and adolescents.
Prolonged therapy Ensure adequate intake of vitamin D-containing foods.
IV form Given in normal saline to prevent precipitation.
Dehydration Classified as mild, moderate, or severe.
Mental status: Alert; Fontanels: Soft and flat; Eyes:
Mild dehydration Normal; Oral mucosa: Pink and moist; Skin turgor:
Elastic; Heart rate: Normal; Blood pressure: Normal;
Extremities: Warm, pink, brisk capillary refill; Urine
output: May be slightly decreased.
Mental status: Alert to listless; Fontanels: Sunken;
Eyes: Mildly sunken orbits; Oral mucosa: Pale and
Moderate dehydration
slightly dry; Skin turgor: Decreased; Heart rate: May be
increased; Blood pressure: Normal; Extremities:
Delayed capillary refill; Urine output: <1 mL/kg/h.
Mental status: Alert to comatose; Fontanels: Sunken;
Eyes: Deeply sunken orbits; Oral mucosa: Dry; Skin
Severe dehydration turgor: Tenting; Heart rate: Increased, progressing to
bradycardia; Blood pressure: Normal, progressing to
hypotension; Extremities: Cool, mottled, or dusky,
significantly delayed capillary refill; Urine output:
Significantly <1 mL/kg/h.
Papules progressing to vesicles, then painless pustules
Nonbullous impetigo with a narrow erythematous border; honey-colored
2026 \LATEST UPDATE WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS \VERIFIED 100% LATEST
UPDATE 2025-2026
Sudden, brief, massive muscle jerks that may involve
Myoclonic seizure
the whole body or one body part.
Generalized onset motor Child may or may not lose consciousness.
seizure
Type of generalized seizure often referred to as 'drop
Atonic seizure
attacks'; sudden loss of muscle tone.
Lennox-Gastaut syndrome Seen in children with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.
Recovery after atonic seizure Child will regain consciousness within a few seconds to a minute.
Seizure that occurs in one part of the brain; symptoms
Focal onset with retained
consciousness depend on which area is affected.
Characterized by clonic or tonic movements involving
Motor activity in focal seizures
the face, neck, and extremities.
Can include numbness, tingling, paresthesia, changes in vision
Sensory signs in focal seizures
and hearing, possible hallucinations, or pain.
Autonomic symptoms in focal Can include changes in blood pressure, heart rhythm, bowel
seizures function.
Psychic symptoms in focal Can include triggering emotions of fear, anxiety, joy, sadness.
seizures
Consciousness in focal Child remains conscious and may verbalize during the seizure; no
seizures postictal state.
Consciousness will be impaired; automatisms and
Focal seizure with impaired
consciousness complex purposeful movements are common
features.
Infants will present with behaviors such as lip smacking,
Infant behaviors in seizures
chewing, swallowing, and excessive salivation.
Will see picking or pulling at bed sheets or clothing,
Older children behaviors in
seizures rubbing objects, or running or walking in a
nondirective and repetitive fashion.
,Onset of seizures May be generalized, focal or absence.
Status epilepticus Common neurologic emergency in children; can occur with any
seizure activity.
Febrile seizures The most common type of seizure in young children.
Prolonged or clustered seizures where consciousness
Prolonged seizures
does not return between seizures.
The age of the child, cause of the seizures, and duration
Prognosis factors in status
epilepticus of status epilepticus influence prognosis.
Medical intervention in status Prompt medical intervention is essential to reduce morbidity and
epilepticus mortality.
Basic life support ABCs (airway, breathing, circulation) are crucial.
, Administration of anticonvulsants to cease seizures is
Anticonvulsants
crucial; common medications include benzodiazepines
such as lorazepam and diazepam, and fosphenytoin.
Assess for excessive sedation, monitor serum levels to
Monitoring during treatment
ensure therapeutic dosing, and monitor for drug
interactions.
Monitor folate, vitamin B, vitamin D, and calcium levels;
Nutritional monitoring
increase vitamin D-fortified foods or administer
supplement, if prescribed.
Withdrawal symptoms Withdrawal symptoms will occur if drug is stopped abruptly.
Valproic acid Interferes with this drug, causing increased phenobarbital levels.
Phenytoin IV and PO; IM administration is contraindicated.
Monitor serum levels To ensure therapeutic dosing.
Gingival hyperplasia Appears most commonly in children and adolescents.
Prolonged therapy Ensure adequate intake of vitamin D-containing foods.
IV form Given in normal saline to prevent precipitation.
Dehydration Classified as mild, moderate, or severe.
Mental status: Alert; Fontanels: Soft and flat; Eyes:
Mild dehydration Normal; Oral mucosa: Pink and moist; Skin turgor:
Elastic; Heart rate: Normal; Blood pressure: Normal;
Extremities: Warm, pink, brisk capillary refill; Urine
output: May be slightly decreased.
Mental status: Alert to listless; Fontanels: Sunken;
Eyes: Mildly sunken orbits; Oral mucosa: Pale and
Moderate dehydration
slightly dry; Skin turgor: Decreased; Heart rate: May be
increased; Blood pressure: Normal; Extremities:
Delayed capillary refill; Urine output: <1 mL/kg/h.
Mental status: Alert to comatose; Fontanels: Sunken;
Eyes: Deeply sunken orbits; Oral mucosa: Dry; Skin
Severe dehydration turgor: Tenting; Heart rate: Increased, progressing to
bradycardia; Blood pressure: Normal, progressing to
hypotension; Extremities: Cool, mottled, or dusky,
significantly delayed capillary refill; Urine output:
Significantly <1 mL/kg/h.
Papules progressing to vesicles, then painless pustules
Nonbullous impetigo with a narrow erythematous border; honey-colored
