BIO 251 – Anatomy & Physiology | Exam Q&A (50) | Biochemistry, pH, Macromolecules – 2025/2026

This document provides a detailed set of 50 fully answered and up-to-date exam questions from BIO 251: Anatomy & Physiology, specifically Chapter 2, for the 2025/2026 academic year. The focus is on biochemistry—the chemical foundation of life—making it a vital study tool for understanding the molecular interactions that support human physiology. Key topics include types of chemical reactions (synthesis, decomposition, exchange, reversible), properties of water, electrolytes, acids, bases, and the pH scale with an emphasis on homeostatic regulation through buffering systems. In-depth content on macromolecules is covered, including carbohydrates, lipids (triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids), proteins (amino acids, conformation), and nucleic acids (DNA, RNA, purines, pyrimidines). Definitions and functions are presented in a Q&A format to maximize active recall and conceptual clarity. This document is ideal for students enrolled in Nursing, Pre-Med, Biomedical Sciences, Health Sciences, Biochemistry, or Anatomy & Physiology courses. It is especially useful for exam prep, foundational reviews, or supplementing lecture materials. Keywords: biochemistry, synthesis reaction, decomposition reaction, exchange reaction, reversible reaction, organic compounds, inorganic compounds, water properties, universal solvent, electrolytes, salts, acids, bases, pH scale, buffers, acidosis, alkalosis, carbohydrates, monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides, lipids, triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids, proteins, amino acids, nucleic acids, DNA, RNA, purines, pyrimidines, cell chemistry