BIO 251 – Anatomy & Physiology | Exam Q&A (45) | Nervous System, Neurons, Neuroglia – 2025/2026

This document presents 45 expertly answered exam questions for BIO 251: Anatomy & Physiology, Chapter 9 Part 1, based on the 2025/2026 curriculum. The content provides a strong foundational overview of the nervous system, including the structure and function of neurons, neuroglia, and neural communication mechanisms. It clearly distinguishes between the central (CNS) and peripheral (PNS) nervous systems, and outlines the somatic and autonomic divisions. Students will gain detailed insights into the roles of specialized neuroglial cells such as astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, Schwann cells, and ependymal cells. The document also covers axon vs. dendrite structure, myelin sheath, white and gray matter, and types of neurons (multipolar, bipolar, unipolar). Additionally, it explains action potential, resting membrane potential, saltatory conduction, and synaptic transmission through neurotransmitters. This resource is particularly useful for learners in Pre-Med, Nursing, Health Sciences, Neurobiology, and Biology courses. The Q&A format is ideal for active recall, self-testing, and exam readiness, with precise terminology and concise explanations of complex neurophysiological processes. Keywords: neuron, nerve fibers, neuroglia, CNS, PNS, somatic nervous system, autonomic nervous system, astrocytes, Schwann cells, microglial cells, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells, dendrites, axons, myelin sheath, Nodes of Ranvier, white matter, gray matter, multipolar neuron, unipolar neuron, bipolar neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, sensory neuron, action potential, resting potential, threshold stimulus, saltatory conduction, synapse, neurotransmitters, afferent neurons, efferent neurons