ATI RN NURSING CARE OF CHILDREN N212
FINAL EXAMINATION TEST 2026 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
● Reye Syndrome. Answer: life-threatening disorder that involved acute
encephalopathy and fatty changes of the liver.
● Viral (aseptic) meningitis. Answer: usually requires only supportive
care for recovery
● Bacterial (septic) meningitis. Answer: contagious infection; prognosis
depends on how quickly care is initiated.
● bacterial meningitis risk factors. Answer: -infections caused by
bacterial agents (meningococcoal), streptococcus pneumoniae, Hib B,
e.coli.
-injuries that provide direct access to CSF
-crowded living conditions
● viral meningitis risk factors. Answer: viral illnesses such as:
- mumps
-herpes simplex virus
,-arbovirus
-adenovirus
-cytomegalovirus
● Expected findings of meningitis. Answer: Photophobia
Nausea
Irritability
Headache
● newborn findings of meningitis. Answer: -no illness present at birth
-poor muscle tone,weak cry, poor suck, refuses feeding, and V/D.
-bulging fontanels are late sign.
● 3 mth to 2 years findings of meningitis. Answer: seizures with high-
pitched cry
fever and irritability
bulging fontanels
possible nuchal rigidity
poor feeding
● 2 years through adolescence physical assessment of meningitis.
Answer: seizures (initial sign)
Positive Brudzinski's sign
,Positive Kernig's sign
Nuchal rigidity
fever/chills
headache
vomiting
chronic draining ear (with pneumococcal infection)
Petechiae or purpuric-type rash (with meningococcal infection)
● Brudzinski's sign. Answer: pain with resistance and involuntary flex of
hip/knee when neck is flexed to chest when lying supine
● Kernig's sign. Answer: a diagnostic sign for meningitis marked by the
person's inability to extend the leg completely when the thigh is flexed
upon the abdomen and the person is sitting or lying down
● Lab tests for viral meningitis (CSF analysis). Answer: clear color
increase WBC
normal or elevated protein content
normal glucose content
negative gram stain
● Lab tests for bacterial meningitis (CSF analysis). Answer: cloudy
color
, increase WBC
increase protein content
decrease glucose content
positive gram stain
● Nursing actions for lumbar puncture. Answer: empty bladder
side-lying position
monitor for bleeding,hematoma, infection
● medications to treat meningitis. Answer: Antibiotic
corticosteroid: dexamethasone
Analgesic (acetaminophen with codeine)
● dexamethasone. Answer: not indicated for viral meningitis
-assists with initial management of increased ICP, but not effective for
long-term complications.
-reduces neurological complications whose infections caused by Hib.
● complications of meningitis. Answer: increase intracranial pressure;
could lead to neurological dysfunction.
● Signs of increased ICP in infants. Answer: -irritability
-increasing head circumference
FINAL EXAMINATION TEST 2026 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
● Reye Syndrome. Answer: life-threatening disorder that involved acute
encephalopathy and fatty changes of the liver.
● Viral (aseptic) meningitis. Answer: usually requires only supportive
care for recovery
● Bacterial (septic) meningitis. Answer: contagious infection; prognosis
depends on how quickly care is initiated.
● bacterial meningitis risk factors. Answer: -infections caused by
bacterial agents (meningococcoal), streptococcus pneumoniae, Hib B,
e.coli.
-injuries that provide direct access to CSF
-crowded living conditions
● viral meningitis risk factors. Answer: viral illnesses such as:
- mumps
-herpes simplex virus
,-arbovirus
-adenovirus
-cytomegalovirus
● Expected findings of meningitis. Answer: Photophobia
Nausea
Irritability
Headache
● newborn findings of meningitis. Answer: -no illness present at birth
-poor muscle tone,weak cry, poor suck, refuses feeding, and V/D.
-bulging fontanels are late sign.
● 3 mth to 2 years findings of meningitis. Answer: seizures with high-
pitched cry
fever and irritability
bulging fontanels
possible nuchal rigidity
poor feeding
● 2 years through adolescence physical assessment of meningitis.
Answer: seizures (initial sign)
Positive Brudzinski's sign
,Positive Kernig's sign
Nuchal rigidity
fever/chills
headache
vomiting
chronic draining ear (with pneumococcal infection)
Petechiae or purpuric-type rash (with meningococcal infection)
● Brudzinski's sign. Answer: pain with resistance and involuntary flex of
hip/knee when neck is flexed to chest when lying supine
● Kernig's sign. Answer: a diagnostic sign for meningitis marked by the
person's inability to extend the leg completely when the thigh is flexed
upon the abdomen and the person is sitting or lying down
● Lab tests for viral meningitis (CSF analysis). Answer: clear color
increase WBC
normal or elevated protein content
normal glucose content
negative gram stain
● Lab tests for bacterial meningitis (CSF analysis). Answer: cloudy
color
, increase WBC
increase protein content
decrease glucose content
positive gram stain
● Nursing actions for lumbar puncture. Answer: empty bladder
side-lying position
monitor for bleeding,hematoma, infection
● medications to treat meningitis. Answer: Antibiotic
corticosteroid: dexamethasone
Analgesic (acetaminophen with codeine)
● dexamethasone. Answer: not indicated for viral meningitis
-assists with initial management of increased ICP, but not effective for
long-term complications.
-reduces neurological complications whose infections caused by Hib.
● complications of meningitis. Answer: increase intracranial pressure;
could lead to neurological dysfunction.
● Signs of increased ICP in infants. Answer: -irritability
-increasing head circumference
