NU606 EXAM 1 PULMONARY ACTUAL EXAM COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ACCURATE SOLUTION (DETAILED & ELABORATED) |GET IT 100% ACCURATE!! 2025 / 2026 TEST!!

NU606 EXAM 1 PULMONARY ACTUAL EXAM COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ACCURATE SOLUTION (DETAILED & ELABORATED) |GET IT 100% ACCURATE!! 2025 / 2026 TEST!! What are the alterations in lung volumes seen in restrictive lung disease? Correct Answer Decreased FRC, Decreased TLC, Decreased FVC What is the primary function of the pulmonary system? Correct Answer Exchange of gases in the environment and in the blood. What are the 3 steps involved in the pulmonary system? Correct Answer Ventilation, Diffusion, and Perfusion. What is ventilation? Correct Answer Movement of air into and out of the lungs. What is diffusion? 1 Correct Answer Movement of gases between the air spaces in the lungs and the bloodstream. What is perfusion? Correct Answer Movement of blood into and out of capillary beds of the lungs to the body organs and tissues. What structures are included in the pulmonary system? Correct Answer 2 lungs, upper and lower airways, and the blood vessels that serve them; the chest wall (thoracic cage) and the diaphragm. What is the function of the cilia mucosa in the upper airways? Correct Answer To warm, humidify, and remove foreign particles from the air. What happens when someone breathes through their mouth instead of their nose? Correct Answer The warming, humidifying, and particle removal functions of the upper airways are less effective. 2 What happens to the internal muscles of the larynx during swallowing? Correct Answer They contract to prevent aspiration into the trachea and contribute to the pitch of a person's voice. What is the mediastinum? Correct Answer The space between the lungs that contains the heart, great vessels, and esophagus. What connects the larynx to the bronchi? Correct Answer The trachea. Why do aspirated particles typically enter the right lung rather than the left? Correct Answer Because the right lung is slightly larger and wider. What do the bronchi branch into? Correct Answer Bronchioles. 3 How many lobes are in the right lung? Correct Answer 3 (upper, middle, lower). How many lobes are in the left lung? Correct Answer 2 (upper, lower). How are the lungs protected? Correct Answer By a series of mechanical and cellular defenses. Why are the lungs not sterile? Correct Answer There are microbes that survive in the lungs environment and make up the lung microbiome. What has been noted to cause changes in the lungs microbiome? Correct Answer Tobacco smoking, long term steroid use, and disease processes (like COPD, Cystic Fibrosis). 4 What is the function of ciliated epithelial cells in the bronchioles? Correct Answer To move mucus towards the trachea and pharynx for expectoration or swallowing. Continuous bases. Where are the alveoli located? Correct Answer At the base of the airway, where gas exchange occurs. How many alveoli are present at birth? Adulthood? Correct Answer About 50 million. Increases to 150 million. What are the two types of alveolar cells? Correct Answer Type 1 (provides structure) and Type 2 (secretes surfactant). What are alveolar cells? 5 Correct Answer Cells that provide structure and secrete surfactant. What is the function of surfactant secreted by alveolar cells? Correct Answer To help with lung expansion, prevent atelectasis, control inflammation, prevent oxidative injury, regulate fibroblasts in airway remodeling, and have bacteriostatic properties. What is the most common symptom in pulmonary and cardiac disease? Correct Answer Dyspnea. -Subjective (pts perception of a feeling of uncomfortable breathing). What is hypoventilation? Correct Answer CO2 removal slower than CO2 production, so incr PaCO2 (hypercapnia). What is hyperventilation? Correct Answer Removing CO2 quicker than produces, so decr PaCO2 (hypocapnia).