NUR 631 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH 100%
CORRECT ANSWERS; VERIFIED; LATEST UPDATE
. The effects of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone
(SIADH) secretion include which solute?
a. Sodium and water retention
b. Sodium retention and water loss
c. Sodium dilution and water retention
d. Sodium dilution and water loss - ANS: C
The symptoms of SIADH secretion are a result of dilutional hyponatremia
and water retention. SIADH does not lead to sodium retention or water
loss.
A baby has been born with Down syndrome. What congenital heart
defect does the healthcare professional assess this baby for?
Coarctation of the aorta (COA)
Tetralogy of Fallot
Atrial septal defect (ASD)
Ventricular septal defect (VSD) - ANS: D
Congenital heart defects that are related to Down syndrome include VSD
and ASVD. COA is associated with Turner syndrome. Tetralogy of Fallot
does not have a strong association with chromosomal defects. An ASD is
often seen in Cri du Chat syndrome, Turner syndrome, or Klinefelter
variant syndrome.
,A child with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is voiding
smoky, brown-colored urine and asks the healthcare professional to
explain what causes it. What explanation by the professional is best?
Presence of red blood cells
Presence of urobilinogen
Slough from the collecting tubules
Protein in the urine - ANS: A
The urine is usually smoky brown or cola-colored because of the
presence of red blood cells. It is not due to urobilinogen, slough, or
protein in the urine.
A class of students has learned about contributing factors to duodenal
ulcers. What statement indicates to the professor that the students need
a review?
Bleeding from duodenal ulcers causes hematemesis or melena.
Gastric emptying is slowed, causing greater exposure of the mucosa to
acid.
The characteristic pain begins 30 min to 2 hours after eating
Duodenal ulcers occur with greater frequency than other types of peptic
ulcers. - ANS: B
Duodenal ulcers can be associated with altered mucosal defenses, rapid
gastric emptying, elevated serum gastrin levels, or acid production
stimulated by smoking. Slowed gastric emptying contributes to reflux
,esophagitis. The students making this statement need a review of the
information.
A decrease in receptor binding for which neurotrANSmitter is found in
individuals with depression?
a. Norepinephrine
b. Serotonin
c. Dopamine
d. Acetylcholine - ANS: B
Postmortem and/or brain imaging studies of individuals with depression
reveal a widespread decrease in serotonin 5-HT1A-receptor subtype
binding in frontal, temporal, and limbic cortex, as well as serotonin-
trANSporter binding in cerebral cortex and hippocampus. A decrease in
receptor binding is not observed in the other neurotrANSmitters.
A family is concerned that their most elderly member is not eating. What
information about the anorexia of aging does the health care
professional provide the family? (Select all that apply.)
Usually there is a direct cause that can be treated successfully.
Is not related to age-related changes and signifies illness
Decreases in saliva and the sense of taste are contributing factors.
Age-related loss of appetite is a common finding.
Social stimulation at meals might promote better eating habits. - ANS: C,
D, E
, Anorexia of aging has multiple causes that include normal age-related
changes, physiologic alterations, and social/psychological factors.
Decreases in saliva and the senses of smell and taste are contributory.
Aging is marked by a decrease in orexigenic signals and an increase in
anorexigenic signals, leading to decreased appetite. Social isolation has
also been implicated in this phenomenon.
A health care professional who works with older women understands
that which changes are believed to play a significant role in the
development of age-related bone loss?
Increased oxidative stress and increased intracellular reactive oxygen
species
Hypoparathyroidism
Increased body weight
Decreased formation and short life span of osteoclasts - ANS: A
Recent studies indicate that increased oxidative stress (OS) and
increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) play significant
roles in the development of age-related bone loss, as well as other age-
related changes in the body.
A healthcare professional advises a person with diabetes mellitus to
have an annual eye exam. When the person asks why this is necessary,
the professional states that retinopathy develops in patients with
diabetes mellitus because of what reason?
Plaques of lipids develop in the retinal vessels.
CORRECT ANSWERS; VERIFIED; LATEST UPDATE
. The effects of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone
(SIADH) secretion include which solute?
a. Sodium and water retention
b. Sodium retention and water loss
c. Sodium dilution and water retention
d. Sodium dilution and water loss - ANS: C
The symptoms of SIADH secretion are a result of dilutional hyponatremia
and water retention. SIADH does not lead to sodium retention or water
loss.
A baby has been born with Down syndrome. What congenital heart
defect does the healthcare professional assess this baby for?
Coarctation of the aorta (COA)
Tetralogy of Fallot
Atrial septal defect (ASD)
Ventricular septal defect (VSD) - ANS: D
Congenital heart defects that are related to Down syndrome include VSD
and ASVD. COA is associated with Turner syndrome. Tetralogy of Fallot
does not have a strong association with chromosomal defects. An ASD is
often seen in Cri du Chat syndrome, Turner syndrome, or Klinefelter
variant syndrome.
,A child with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is voiding
smoky, brown-colored urine and asks the healthcare professional to
explain what causes it. What explanation by the professional is best?
Presence of red blood cells
Presence of urobilinogen
Slough from the collecting tubules
Protein in the urine - ANS: A
The urine is usually smoky brown or cola-colored because of the
presence of red blood cells. It is not due to urobilinogen, slough, or
protein in the urine.
A class of students has learned about contributing factors to duodenal
ulcers. What statement indicates to the professor that the students need
a review?
Bleeding from duodenal ulcers causes hematemesis or melena.
Gastric emptying is slowed, causing greater exposure of the mucosa to
acid.
The characteristic pain begins 30 min to 2 hours after eating
Duodenal ulcers occur with greater frequency than other types of peptic
ulcers. - ANS: B
Duodenal ulcers can be associated with altered mucosal defenses, rapid
gastric emptying, elevated serum gastrin levels, or acid production
stimulated by smoking. Slowed gastric emptying contributes to reflux
,esophagitis. The students making this statement need a review of the
information.
A decrease in receptor binding for which neurotrANSmitter is found in
individuals with depression?
a. Norepinephrine
b. Serotonin
c. Dopamine
d. Acetylcholine - ANS: B
Postmortem and/or brain imaging studies of individuals with depression
reveal a widespread decrease in serotonin 5-HT1A-receptor subtype
binding in frontal, temporal, and limbic cortex, as well as serotonin-
trANSporter binding in cerebral cortex and hippocampus. A decrease in
receptor binding is not observed in the other neurotrANSmitters.
A family is concerned that their most elderly member is not eating. What
information about the anorexia of aging does the health care
professional provide the family? (Select all that apply.)
Usually there is a direct cause that can be treated successfully.
Is not related to age-related changes and signifies illness
Decreases in saliva and the sense of taste are contributing factors.
Age-related loss of appetite is a common finding.
Social stimulation at meals might promote better eating habits. - ANS: C,
D, E
, Anorexia of aging has multiple causes that include normal age-related
changes, physiologic alterations, and social/psychological factors.
Decreases in saliva and the senses of smell and taste are contributory.
Aging is marked by a decrease in orexigenic signals and an increase in
anorexigenic signals, leading to decreased appetite. Social isolation has
also been implicated in this phenomenon.
A health care professional who works with older women understands
that which changes are believed to play a significant role in the
development of age-related bone loss?
Increased oxidative stress and increased intracellular reactive oxygen
species
Hypoparathyroidism
Increased body weight
Decreased formation and short life span of osteoclasts - ANS: A
Recent studies indicate that increased oxidative stress (OS) and
increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) play significant
roles in the development of age-related bone loss, as well as other age-
related changes in the body.
A healthcare professional advises a person with diabetes mellitus to
have an annual eye exam. When the person asks why this is necessary,
the professional states that retinopathy develops in patients with
diabetes mellitus because of what reason?
Plaques of lipids develop in the retinal vessels.
