NR 507: ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM |
ACTUAL 2025 | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 100%
CORRECT | CHAMBERLAIN UNIVERSITY
Asthma Answer - Chronic disease due to bronchoconstriction and an excessive
inflammatory response in the bronchioles
What are 5 s/s of asthma Answer - coughing
wheezing
shortness of breath
rapid breathing
chest tightness
Pathophysiology of asthma (5) Answer - -airway inflammation, bronchial
hyper-reactivity and smooth muscle spasm
-excess mucus production and accumulation
-hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle
-airflow obstruction
-decreased alveolar ventilation
Bronchioles Answer - smaller passageways that originate from the bronchi that
become the alveoli
3 layers of the bronchioles Answer - innermost layer
,middle layer - lamina propria
outermost layer
lamina propria Answer - the middle layer of the bronchioles
structure of the lamina propria Answer - embedded with connective tissue
cells and immune cells
purpose of the lamina propria Answer - white blood cells are present to help
protect the airways
How does the lamina propria effect the lungs in regards to asthma Answer -
the WBCs protective feature goes into overdrive causing an inflammatory
response that damages host tissue
What does the innermost layer of the bronchioles contain Answer - columnar
epithelial ells and mucus producing goblet cells
What does the outermost layer of the bronchioles contain Answer - smooth
muscle cells
what does the outermost layer of the bronchioles do Answer - control the
airways ability to constrict and dilate
alveolar hyperinflation Answer - When air is unable to move out of the
alveolar like it should due to bronchial walls collapsing around possible mucus
plug thus trapping air inside
, how does hyperinflation occur? Answer - the ongoing inflammatory process of
asthma produces mucus and pus plug that the bronchial walls collapse around
Effect of hyperinflation of the alveolar Answer - -expanded thorax and
hypercapnia (retention of CO2)
- respiratory acidosis
What are two anticholinergic drugs used for asthma Answer - tiotropium and
ipratropium
What do anticholinergics do in the lungs? Answer - These drugs block the
effects of the parasympathetic nervous system
- increasing bronchodilation
MOA of anticholinergic drugs for asthma Answer - the parasympathetic system
is stimulated by the vagal nerve to release acetylcholine which binds to the
cholinergic receptors of the respiratory tract to cause bronchial constriction =
decreased airflow
- blocking the cholinergic receptors prevents acetylcholine binding preventing
the bronchial constriction
bronchitis Answer - inflammation of the bronchial tubes
3 characteristics of bronchitis Answer - bronchial inflammation
hypersecretion of mucus
chronic productive cough for at least 3 consecutive months for at least 2
successive years
ACTUAL 2025 | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 100%
CORRECT | CHAMBERLAIN UNIVERSITY
Asthma Answer - Chronic disease due to bronchoconstriction and an excessive
inflammatory response in the bronchioles
What are 5 s/s of asthma Answer - coughing
wheezing
shortness of breath
rapid breathing
chest tightness
Pathophysiology of asthma (5) Answer - -airway inflammation, bronchial
hyper-reactivity and smooth muscle spasm
-excess mucus production and accumulation
-hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle
-airflow obstruction
-decreased alveolar ventilation
Bronchioles Answer - smaller passageways that originate from the bronchi that
become the alveoli
3 layers of the bronchioles Answer - innermost layer
,middle layer - lamina propria
outermost layer
lamina propria Answer - the middle layer of the bronchioles
structure of the lamina propria Answer - embedded with connective tissue
cells and immune cells
purpose of the lamina propria Answer - white blood cells are present to help
protect the airways
How does the lamina propria effect the lungs in regards to asthma Answer -
the WBCs protective feature goes into overdrive causing an inflammatory
response that damages host tissue
What does the innermost layer of the bronchioles contain Answer - columnar
epithelial ells and mucus producing goblet cells
What does the outermost layer of the bronchioles contain Answer - smooth
muscle cells
what does the outermost layer of the bronchioles do Answer - control the
airways ability to constrict and dilate
alveolar hyperinflation Answer - When air is unable to move out of the
alveolar like it should due to bronchial walls collapsing around possible mucus
plug thus trapping air inside
, how does hyperinflation occur? Answer - the ongoing inflammatory process of
asthma produces mucus and pus plug that the bronchial walls collapse around
Effect of hyperinflation of the alveolar Answer - -expanded thorax and
hypercapnia (retention of CO2)
- respiratory acidosis
What are two anticholinergic drugs used for asthma Answer - tiotropium and
ipratropium
What do anticholinergics do in the lungs? Answer - These drugs block the
effects of the parasympathetic nervous system
- increasing bronchodilation
MOA of anticholinergic drugs for asthma Answer - the parasympathetic system
is stimulated by the vagal nerve to release acetylcholine which binds to the
cholinergic receptors of the respiratory tract to cause bronchial constriction =
decreased airflow
- blocking the cholinergic receptors prevents acetylcholine binding preventing
the bronchial constriction
bronchitis Answer - inflammation of the bronchial tubes
3 characteristics of bronchitis Answer - bronchial inflammation
hypersecretion of mucus
chronic productive cough for at least 3 consecutive months for at least 2
successive years
