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Biology : Animal Kingdom
Pre-Medical
ANIMAL KINGDOM
BASIC OF CLASSIFICATION
Level Of Organisation
(A) Cellular-Level (B) Tissue-Level (C) Organ-Level (D) Organ-system Level
Porifera – Coelenterata Platyhelminthes Aschelminthes
(Sponges) – Ctenophora (Flatworms) to chordata
Loose cell aggregates Diploblastic Triploblastic Triploblastic
Ectoderm
Mesoglea Ectoderm
Endoderm
Endoderm
Mesoderm
Mostly asymmetrical Radial symmetry Bilateral symmetry Bilateral symmetry
Exception- Exception-
- Sycon Adult
- Leucosolenia Echinodermate
(Radial symmetry)
Acoelomate (Coelom absent)
Pseudocoelom
Coelom
Pseudocoelomates True-coelomate
Aschelminthes Annelida to chordata
HABITAT
• Mostly marine Free living or Aquatic and Exclusively Marine and
• Some fresh water parasite terrestrial marine fresh water
Porifera Platyhelminthes Annelida Ctenophora Osteichthyes
Coelenterata (Endoparasite found Arthropoda Echinodermata
in animals only) Mollusca Hemichordata
Aschelminthes Urochordata
Cephalochordata
(Parasite in plants
and animals) Cyclostomata
Chondrichthyes
Terrestrial Mostly Both on land
and aquatic terrestrial and water
Mammals Reptilia Amphibia
Variety of habitats (mostly terrestrial)
Polar ice caps
Deserts Aves
Mountains
Forests
Grass lands
Dark caves
16
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Biology : Animal Kingdom ®
Pre-Medical
DIGESTIVE TRACT
Cellular level Tissue level Organ level Organ system level
Absent Incomplete Incomplete Complete
Intra cellular Extra and intra Extra and intra Extra cellular
digestion cellular digestion cellular digestion digestion
[Gastro-vascular cavity]
• Porifera Platyhelminthes Aschelminthes to chordata
• Coelenterata
• Ctenophora "gut absent in tapeworms"
Aschelminthes Mollusca Echinodermata Cyclostomata Fishes Aves
Muscular Radula Mouth-Ventral Circular and sucking Additional
pharynx Anus-Dorsal (upper) mouth without jaw gizzard and crop
Chondrichthyes Osteichthyes
Ventral mouth [teeth are modified placoid scale] Terminal mouth
RESPIRATORY STRUCTURE Gills Gills
RESPIRATORY STRUCTURE Book gills
Arthropoda Amphibia Skin
Book lungs
Tracheal system Lungs
Reptiles
Body surface Pharyngeal Gills Lungs Aves (Air sac supplement
Porifera Echinodermata Mollusca Hemichordata respiration)
Coelenterata Urochordata
Water-vascular Feather like Mammals
Ctenophora Cephalochordata
Platyhelminthes system gills in mantle Cyclostomata (6-15 pairs of gill slits)
Aschelminthes cavity Chondrichthyes (without operculum-5-7 pairs)
Annelida Osteichthyes (4-pairs with operculum)
EXCRETORY STRUCTURE
EXCRETARY STRUCTURE
Body surface Protonephridia Nephridia Malpighian Mollusca Proboscis Kidney
Porifera tubules (help in excretion gland
Coelenterata Flame cells Excretory tubes Annelida and respiration) Vertebrates
Arthropoda Hemichordata
Ctenophora Platyhelminthes Aschelminthes
Feather like gills
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Annelida
Absent Present Cephalochordata
Cyclostomata
Circulating fluid Open B.C.S. Closed One auricle
Chondrichthyes Two chambered heart
Water B.C.S.
• Arthropoda Osteichthyes One ventricle
• Porifera
• Coelenterata • Mollusca Amphibia 3-chambered heart → Two auricies + one ventricle
• Ctenophora • Echinodermata Reptiles 3-Chambered heart (Except–Crocodile→4-chambered
Coelomic fluid • Hemichordata Aves 2-Auricles
• Urochordata 4-Chambered heart
• Platyhelminthes Mammals 2-Ventricles
• Aschelminthes
NERVOUS SYSTEM
Absent Present Coelenterata First time neurons appeared
Porifera Coelenterata to chordata
Platyhelminthes Ladder like nervous system
17
Biology : Animal Kingdom
Pre-Medical
ANIMAL KINGDOM
BASIC OF CLASSIFICATION
Level Of Organisation
(A) Cellular-Level (B) Tissue-Level (C) Organ-Level (D) Organ-system Level
Porifera – Coelenterata Platyhelminthes Aschelminthes
(Sponges) – Ctenophora (Flatworms) to chordata
Loose cell aggregates Diploblastic Triploblastic Triploblastic
Ectoderm
Mesoglea Ectoderm
Endoderm
Endoderm
Mesoderm
Mostly asymmetrical Radial symmetry Bilateral symmetry Bilateral symmetry
Exception- Exception-
- Sycon Adult
- Leucosolenia Echinodermate
(Radial symmetry)
Acoelomate (Coelom absent)
Pseudocoelom
Coelom
Pseudocoelomates True-coelomate
Aschelminthes Annelida to chordata
HABITAT
• Mostly marine Free living or Aquatic and Exclusively Marine and
• Some fresh water parasite terrestrial marine fresh water
Porifera Platyhelminthes Annelida Ctenophora Osteichthyes
Coelenterata (Endoparasite found Arthropoda Echinodermata
in animals only) Mollusca Hemichordata
Aschelminthes Urochordata
Cephalochordata
(Parasite in plants
and animals) Cyclostomata
Chondrichthyes
Terrestrial Mostly Both on land
and aquatic terrestrial and water
Mammals Reptilia Amphibia
Variety of habitats (mostly terrestrial)
Polar ice caps
Deserts Aves
Mountains
Forests
Grass lands
Dark caves
16
,
Biology : Animal Kingdom ®
Pre-Medical
DIGESTIVE TRACT
Cellular level Tissue level Organ level Organ system level
Absent Incomplete Incomplete Complete
Intra cellular Extra and intra Extra and intra Extra cellular
digestion cellular digestion cellular digestion digestion
[Gastro-vascular cavity]
• Porifera Platyhelminthes Aschelminthes to chordata
• Coelenterata
• Ctenophora "gut absent in tapeworms"
Aschelminthes Mollusca Echinodermata Cyclostomata Fishes Aves
Muscular Radula Mouth-Ventral Circular and sucking Additional
pharynx Anus-Dorsal (upper) mouth without jaw gizzard and crop
Chondrichthyes Osteichthyes
Ventral mouth [teeth are modified placoid scale] Terminal mouth
RESPIRATORY STRUCTURE Gills Gills
RESPIRATORY STRUCTURE Book gills
Arthropoda Amphibia Skin
Book lungs
Tracheal system Lungs
Reptiles
Body surface Pharyngeal Gills Lungs Aves (Air sac supplement
Porifera Echinodermata Mollusca Hemichordata respiration)
Coelenterata Urochordata
Water-vascular Feather like Mammals
Ctenophora Cephalochordata
Platyhelminthes system gills in mantle Cyclostomata (6-15 pairs of gill slits)
Aschelminthes cavity Chondrichthyes (without operculum-5-7 pairs)
Annelida Osteichthyes (4-pairs with operculum)
EXCRETORY STRUCTURE
EXCRETARY STRUCTURE
Body surface Protonephridia Nephridia Malpighian Mollusca Proboscis Kidney
Porifera tubules (help in excretion gland
Coelenterata Flame cells Excretory tubes Annelida and respiration) Vertebrates
Arthropoda Hemichordata
Ctenophora Platyhelminthes Aschelminthes
Feather like gills
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Annelida
Absent Present Cephalochordata
Cyclostomata
Circulating fluid Open B.C.S. Closed One auricle
Chondrichthyes Two chambered heart
Water B.C.S.
• Arthropoda Osteichthyes One ventricle
• Porifera
• Coelenterata • Mollusca Amphibia 3-chambered heart → Two auricies + one ventricle
• Ctenophora • Echinodermata Reptiles 3-Chambered heart (Except–Crocodile→4-chambered
Coelomic fluid • Hemichordata Aves 2-Auricles
• Urochordata 4-Chambered heart
• Platyhelminthes Mammals 2-Ventricles
• Aschelminthes
NERVOUS SYSTEM
Absent Present Coelenterata First time neurons appeared
Porifera Coelenterata to chordata
Platyhelminthes Ladder like nervous system
17
