-modern philosophy-
SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
CONCEPTIONGEOCENTRIC AND HELIOCENTRIC
The geocentric conception(or the Aristotelian-Ptolemaic world) consists of
the Earth being the center of the universe and the planets orbiting around it in
perfect spheres. The stars are fixed on the sphere that constitutes the (finite)
universe and it is eternal (there is no beginning, end or change).
This is how the world was perceived throughout the Middle Ages. The
founders of geocentrism were Aristotle (4th century BC) and Ptolemy (2nd century
AD). According to Aristotle, the system is divided into two parts: the sublunar part
(the Earth) and the supralunar part. The sublunar line is composed of four elements
thatThey move in straight lines and tend to rise or fall according to their properties.
This means that fire and air move from bottom to top, while earth and water move
from top to bottom. These elements are corruptible (imperfect) because they
change. In contrast, the supralunar realm is composed of ether....an invisible divine
substance with circular movements. This is known as the theory of natural places.
In contrast, the heliocentric conception(which developed after the scientific
revolution) is not governed by common sense like the heliocentric model. While the
geocentric model has a teleological function (to achieve the end for which it was
created), with an anthropocentric conception (humanity at the center), the
heliocentric model separates religion from science.
Heliocentrism posits that the universe is infinite, the Sun is at the center of
the system, and theEarth revolves around the SunIt also revolves around its own
star. No planetary surface is perfect, and the movement of the planets is elliptical.
The universe changes and mutates, and it is not eternal. Therefore, it is the opposite
of geocentrism.
SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
At the time of the revolution, there was the principle of authority. It was
forbidden to contradict the ancient thinkers or the Church, who held the authority.
Therefore, one could not contradict the geocentric conception of Aristotle and
Ptolemy, for doing so would be punished. Unfortunately, the revolution occurred
anyway.
The scientific revolution (1543 - 1687) begins with the publication of“The
revolutions of the celestial stars”by Copernicus and ends with“The mathematical
principles of natural philosophy”of NewtonThe main figures of the revolution are:
➢ Nicolaus Copernicus
Nicolaus Copernicus was a Pole who lived between 1473 and 1543. He studied
at the universities of Krakow, Bologna, Padua, and Ferrara.
Copernicus considered the Aristotelian-Ptolemaic system too complex and,
instead, took refuge in the heliocentric theories of the Pythagoreans. Thus, he
introduced the concept of the Sun as the center of the universe, not the Earth
(although he continued to believe in a spherical and finite universe).
According to Copernicus, the Sun is stationary and at the center of the
universe; the Earth moves around the Sun and rotates on its axis.
➢ Kepler-
SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
CONCEPTIONGEOCENTRIC AND HELIOCENTRIC
The geocentric conception(or the Aristotelian-Ptolemaic world) consists of
the Earth being the center of the universe and the planets orbiting around it in
perfect spheres. The stars are fixed on the sphere that constitutes the (finite)
universe and it is eternal (there is no beginning, end or change).
This is how the world was perceived throughout the Middle Ages. The
founders of geocentrism were Aristotle (4th century BC) and Ptolemy (2nd century
AD). According to Aristotle, the system is divided into two parts: the sublunar part
(the Earth) and the supralunar part. The sublunar line is composed of four elements
thatThey move in straight lines and tend to rise or fall according to their properties.
This means that fire and air move from bottom to top, while earth and water move
from top to bottom. These elements are corruptible (imperfect) because they
change. In contrast, the supralunar realm is composed of ether....an invisible divine
substance with circular movements. This is known as the theory of natural places.
In contrast, the heliocentric conception(which developed after the scientific
revolution) is not governed by common sense like the heliocentric model. While the
geocentric model has a teleological function (to achieve the end for which it was
created), with an anthropocentric conception (humanity at the center), the
heliocentric model separates religion from science.
Heliocentrism posits that the universe is infinite, the Sun is at the center of
the system, and theEarth revolves around the SunIt also revolves around its own
star. No planetary surface is perfect, and the movement of the planets is elliptical.
The universe changes and mutates, and it is not eternal. Therefore, it is the opposite
of geocentrism.
SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
At the time of the revolution, there was the principle of authority. It was
forbidden to contradict the ancient thinkers or the Church, who held the authority.
Therefore, one could not contradict the geocentric conception of Aristotle and
Ptolemy, for doing so would be punished. Unfortunately, the revolution occurred
anyway.
The scientific revolution (1543 - 1687) begins with the publication of“The
revolutions of the celestial stars”by Copernicus and ends with“The mathematical
principles of natural philosophy”of NewtonThe main figures of the revolution are:
➢ Nicolaus Copernicus
Nicolaus Copernicus was a Pole who lived between 1473 and 1543. He studied
at the universities of Krakow, Bologna, Padua, and Ferrara.
Copernicus considered the Aristotelian-Ptolemaic system too complex and,
instead, took refuge in the heliocentric theories of the Pythagoreans. Thus, he
introduced the concept of the Sun as the center of the universe, not the Earth
(although he continued to believe in a spherical and finite universe).
According to Copernicus, the Sun is stationary and at the center of the
universe; the Earth moves around the Sun and rotates on its axis.
➢ Kepler-
