, Test bank for Human Learning 7th Edition Ormrod
h h h h h h h
CHAPTERh1
PERSPECTIVEShONhLEARNING
MultiplehChoicehQuestions
Humanhbeingshundoubtedlyhlearnhmorehduringhthehcoursehofhahlifetimehthanha
nyhotherhspecieshonhearth.hThehmajorhresulthofhthishcapacityhtohlearnhishthat:
Newhinstinctshbeginhtohemerge.
Humanhthoughthbecomeshlesshlogicalhwithheachhgeneration.hHu
manshcanhbenefithfromhtheirhexperiences.
Humansharehthehonlyhspecieshwhosehbehaviorhcannothbehanalyzedhinhterm
shofhstimulihandhresponses.
Threehofhthehfollowingharehexampleshofhlearning.hWhichhonehishnot?
Abigailhcrieshwhenhshehstepshonhahsharphpebble.
Afterhmanyhhourshofhheatedhdebate,hBrianhbeginshtohadvocatehp
oliticalhpracticeshhehhashpreviouslyhopposed.
Carahsuddenlyhrecognizeshhowhthehdivisionhfacth―24h’h4h=h6‖hishrelatedhto
hthehmultiplicationhfacth―6hxh4h=h24.‖
DavidhhashbeenhrunninghawayhfromhGermanhshepherdsheverhsincehhehwas
hbittenhbyhahGermanhshepherdhtwoh yearshago.
Reyneldahhashtroublehtracinghahcomplexhshapehwithhahpencilhwhenhshehishinhki
ndergarten,hbuthshehcanhdohithquitehwellhbyhthehtimehshehishinhsecondhgrade.hIshthis
hanhinstancehofhlearning?
Yes,hbecausehherhbehaviorhhashchanged.
No,hbecausehthehcircumstancesharehtoohdissimilar.
Maybe,halthoughhthehchangehmayhsimplyhbehduehtohphysiologic
alhmaturation.
Maybe,hbuthonlyhifhshehishbeinghreinforcedhforhtracinghaccurately.
2
, Chapterh1h–hPerspectiveshonhLearning
Threehofhthehfollowinghillustratehvarioushwayshthathlearninghmighthbeh reflectedh
inhahperson‘shbehavior.hWhichhonehofhthehfollowinghchangeshdoeshnothnecessarilyh
reflecthlearning?
Althoughhit‘shahschoolhnight,hDeanhplayshvideohgameshuntilhwellhpasthhishu
sualhbedtime.hAshhehbecomeshmorehtired,hhehfindshithincreasinglyhdifficulth
tohconcentratehonhwhathhe‘shdoing.
Evenhashahyounghchild,hJerryhcouldhtellhyouhthathhishgrandparentshi
mmigratedhtohthehUnitedhStateshfromhIreland.hButhafterhahconversat
ionhwithhhishgrandmother,hhehcanhnowhdescribehthehcircumstancesh
ofhthehfamily‘shimmigrationhinhconsiderablehdetail.
Dayhafterhday,hMartinhpracticeshhishbasketballhskillsh(shooting,h dribbling,
hetc.)honhahbasketballhcourthathahlocalhpark.hWithheachhpracticehsession,hhish
movementshbecomehfasterhandhsmoother.
Lewishoccasionallyhaskshforhhelphwhenhhehhashdifficultyhwithhhishclassw
ork,hbuthmosthofhthehtimehhehjusthstruggleshquietlyhonhhishown.hAfterhhisht
eacherhassureshhimhthathaskinghforhhelphishnothahsignhofhweaknesshorhinabi
lity,hhehbeginshaskinghforhhelphmuchhmorehfrequently.
researchhexamineshlearninghinhtightlyhcontrolledhsettingshand
researchhexamineshlearninghinhreal-worldhsettings.
Applied;hBasichBasi
c;hQualitativehQualit
ative;hAppliedhBasic
;hApplied
Ahprinciplehofhlearninghcanhbesthbehcharacterizedhas:
Ahdescriptionhofhthehresultshofhahparticularhresearchhstudy
Ahstatemenththathdescribeshhowhahparticularhfactorhaffectshlearning
Thehmeasurementhofhhowhmuchhlearninghhashoccurredhinhahpart
icularhsituation
Anhexplanationhofhthehunderlyinghprocesseshthroughhwhichhlearninghoccurs
Ahtheoryhofhlearninghcanhbesthbehcharacterizedhas:
Ahdescriptionhofhthehresultshofhahparticularhresearchhstudy
Ahstatemenththathdescribeshhowhahparticularhfactorhaffectshlearning
Thehmeasurementhofhhowhmuchhlearninghhashoccurredhinhahpart
icularhsituation
Anhexplanationhofhthehunderlyinghprocesseshthroughhwhichhlearninghoccurs
3
, Chapterh1h–hPerspectiveshonhLearning
Threehofhthehfollowingharehprincipleshofhlearning.hWhichhonehishahtheory
ofhlearninghratherhthanhahprinciple?
Ahbehaviorhthathishfollowedhbyhpunishmenthdecreaseshinhfrequency.
Peoplehlearnhbyhmakinghmentalhassociationshbetweenhnewhinformationha
ndhtheirhexistinghknowledge.
Ahresponsehthathishrewardedheveryhtimehithoccurshincreaseshmorehra
pidlyhthanhahresponsehthathishonlyhoccasionallyhrewarded.
Studentshtendhtohrememberhmorehofhahlecturehifhtheyhtakehnoteshonht
hehlecture‘shcontent.
Whichhonehofhthehfollowinghcommonhsayingshbesthreflectshthehconcepthof
hintrospection?
―Wherehthere‘shahwill,hthere‘shahway.‖
―Nothinghventured,hnothinghgained.‖
―Ahpennyhforh yourhthoughts.‖
―Oldhhabitshdiehhard.‖
Whichhonehofhthehfollowinghcommonhsayingshbesthreflectshthehbasich
premisehunderlyinghsocialhlearninghtheory?
―Monkeyhsee,hmonkeyhdo.‖
―Sparehthehrodhandhspoilhthehchild.‖
―Ahfriendhinhneedhishahfriendhindeed.‖
―Ahrollinghstonehgathershnohmoss.‖
Whichhonehofhthehfollowinghstatementshprovideshthehmosthcrediblehexplanatio
nhforhthehfacththathhumanhbeingshseemhtohsurpasshallhotherhanimalhspecieshinhtheirh
thinkinghandhlearninghcapacities?
Onlyhhumanhbeingshhavehthehcapabilityhtohmakehtools.
Humanshcommunicatehregularlyhwithhonehanotherhand,hinhdoinghso,hpa
sshalonghwhaththey‘vehlearnedhtohfuturehgenerations.
Humanhbeingshhavehahhugehrepertoirehofhinstinctualhbehaviorshfromhwhic
hhtheyhcanhdrawhwhenhtheyhencounterhnewhexperiences.
Humanhbrainsharehsmallerhthanhthosehofhotherhintelligenthspeciesh(e.g.,hel
ephants,hdolphins)handhthereforehcanhtransmithmessageshmorehquicklyhan
dhefficiently.
4
h h h h h h h
CHAPTERh1
PERSPECTIVEShONhLEARNING
MultiplehChoicehQuestions
Humanhbeingshundoubtedlyhlearnhmorehduringhthehcoursehofhahlifetimehthanha
nyhotherhspecieshonhearth.hThehmajorhresulthofhthishcapacityhtohlearnhishthat:
Newhinstinctshbeginhtohemerge.
Humanhthoughthbecomeshlesshlogicalhwithheachhgeneration.hHu
manshcanhbenefithfromhtheirhexperiences.
Humansharehthehonlyhspecieshwhosehbehaviorhcannothbehanalyzedhinhterm
shofhstimulihandhresponses.
Threehofhthehfollowingharehexampleshofhlearning.hWhichhonehishnot?
Abigailhcrieshwhenhshehstepshonhahsharphpebble.
Afterhmanyhhourshofhheatedhdebate,hBrianhbeginshtohadvocatehp
oliticalhpracticeshhehhashpreviouslyhopposed.
Carahsuddenlyhrecognizeshhowhthehdivisionhfacth―24h’h4h=h6‖hishrelatedhto
hthehmultiplicationhfacth―6hxh4h=h24.‖
DavidhhashbeenhrunninghawayhfromhGermanhshepherdsheverhsincehhehwas
hbittenhbyhahGermanhshepherdhtwoh yearshago.
Reyneldahhashtroublehtracinghahcomplexhshapehwithhahpencilhwhenhshehishinhki
ndergarten,hbuthshehcanhdohithquitehwellhbyhthehtimehshehishinhsecondhgrade.hIshthis
hanhinstancehofhlearning?
Yes,hbecausehherhbehaviorhhashchanged.
No,hbecausehthehcircumstancesharehtoohdissimilar.
Maybe,halthoughhthehchangehmayhsimplyhbehduehtohphysiologic
alhmaturation.
Maybe,hbuthonlyhifhshehishbeinghreinforcedhforhtracinghaccurately.
2
, Chapterh1h–hPerspectiveshonhLearning
Threehofhthehfollowinghillustratehvarioushwayshthathlearninghmighthbeh reflectedh
inhahperson‘shbehavior.hWhichhonehofhthehfollowinghchangeshdoeshnothnecessarilyh
reflecthlearning?
Althoughhit‘shahschoolhnight,hDeanhplayshvideohgameshuntilhwellhpasthhishu
sualhbedtime.hAshhehbecomeshmorehtired,hhehfindshithincreasinglyhdifficulth
tohconcentratehonhwhathhe‘shdoing.
Evenhashahyounghchild,hJerryhcouldhtellhyouhthathhishgrandparentshi
mmigratedhtohthehUnitedhStateshfromhIreland.hButhafterhahconversat
ionhwithhhishgrandmother,hhehcanhnowhdescribehthehcircumstancesh
ofhthehfamily‘shimmigrationhinhconsiderablehdetail.
Dayhafterhday,hMartinhpracticeshhishbasketballhskillsh(shooting,h dribbling,
hetc.)honhahbasketballhcourthathahlocalhpark.hWithheachhpracticehsession,hhish
movementshbecomehfasterhandhsmoother.
Lewishoccasionallyhaskshforhhelphwhenhhehhashdifficultyhwithhhishclassw
ork,hbuthmosthofhthehtimehhehjusthstruggleshquietlyhonhhishown.hAfterhhisht
eacherhassureshhimhthathaskinghforhhelphishnothahsignhofhweaknesshorhinabi
lity,hhehbeginshaskinghforhhelphmuchhmorehfrequently.
researchhexamineshlearninghinhtightlyhcontrolledhsettingshand
researchhexamineshlearninghinhreal-worldhsettings.
Applied;hBasichBasi
c;hQualitativehQualit
ative;hAppliedhBasic
;hApplied
Ahprinciplehofhlearninghcanhbesthbehcharacterizedhas:
Ahdescriptionhofhthehresultshofhahparticularhresearchhstudy
Ahstatemenththathdescribeshhowhahparticularhfactorhaffectshlearning
Thehmeasurementhofhhowhmuchhlearninghhashoccurredhinhahpart
icularhsituation
Anhexplanationhofhthehunderlyinghprocesseshthroughhwhichhlearninghoccurs
Ahtheoryhofhlearninghcanhbesthbehcharacterizedhas:
Ahdescriptionhofhthehresultshofhahparticularhresearchhstudy
Ahstatemenththathdescribeshhowhahparticularhfactorhaffectshlearning
Thehmeasurementhofhhowhmuchhlearninghhashoccurredhinhahpart
icularhsituation
Anhexplanationhofhthehunderlyinghprocesseshthroughhwhichhlearninghoccurs
3
, Chapterh1h–hPerspectiveshonhLearning
Threehofhthehfollowingharehprincipleshofhlearning.hWhichhonehishahtheory
ofhlearninghratherhthanhahprinciple?
Ahbehaviorhthathishfollowedhbyhpunishmenthdecreaseshinhfrequency.
Peoplehlearnhbyhmakinghmentalhassociationshbetweenhnewhinformationha
ndhtheirhexistinghknowledge.
Ahresponsehthathishrewardedheveryhtimehithoccurshincreaseshmorehra
pidlyhthanhahresponsehthathishonlyhoccasionallyhrewarded.
Studentshtendhtohrememberhmorehofhahlecturehifhtheyhtakehnoteshonht
hehlecture‘shcontent.
Whichhonehofhthehfollowinghcommonhsayingshbesthreflectshthehconcepthof
hintrospection?
―Wherehthere‘shahwill,hthere‘shahway.‖
―Nothinghventured,hnothinghgained.‖
―Ahpennyhforh yourhthoughts.‖
―Oldhhabitshdiehhard.‖
Whichhonehofhthehfollowinghcommonhsayingshbesthreflectshthehbasich
premisehunderlyinghsocialhlearninghtheory?
―Monkeyhsee,hmonkeyhdo.‖
―Sparehthehrodhandhspoilhthehchild.‖
―Ahfriendhinhneedhishahfriendhindeed.‖
―Ahrollinghstonehgathershnohmoss.‖
Whichhonehofhthehfollowinghstatementshprovideshthehmosthcrediblehexplanatio
nhforhthehfacththathhumanhbeingshseemhtohsurpasshallhotherhanimalhspecieshinhtheirh
thinkinghandhlearninghcapacities?
Onlyhhumanhbeingshhavehthehcapabilityhtohmakehtools.
Humanshcommunicatehregularlyhwithhonehanotherhand,hinhdoinghso,hpa
sshalonghwhaththey‘vehlearnedhtohfuturehgenerations.
Humanhbeingshhavehahhugehrepertoirehofhinstinctualhbehaviorshfromhwhic
hhtheyhcanhdrawhwhenhtheyhencounterhnewhexperiences.
Humanhbrainsharehsmallerhthanhthosehofhotherhintelligenthspeciesh(e.g.,hel
ephants,hdolphins)handhthereforehcanhtransmithmessageshmorehquicklyhan
dhefficiently.
4
