NURS 6501-Advanced
Pathophysiology Exam ||Questions
And Correct Answers||Graded A+
How are cells specialized? -CORRECT ANSWER through the process of differentiation
or maturation
What are the eight specialized cellular functions? -CORRECT ANSWER movement,
conductivity, metabolic absorption, secretion, excretion, respiration, reproduction, and
communication
What are the three general components of an eukaryotic cell? -CORRECT ANSWER
the plasma membrane, the cytoplasm, and the intracellular organelles.
What causes the release of lysosomal enzemes? -CORRECT ANSWER Cellular injury
causing cellular self-digestion
What is the location and function of the nucleus? -CORRECT ANSWER the largest
membrane-bound organelle and is found usually in the cell's center. The chief functions
of the nucleus are cell division and control of genetic information.
What is Cytoplasm? -CORRECT ANSWER an aqueous solution (cytosol) that fills the
space between the nucleus and the plasma membrane.
What is the endoplasmic reticulum and what does it specialize in? -CORRECT
ANSWER a network of tubular channels (cisternae) that extend throughout the outer
nuclear membrane. It specializes in the synthesis and transport of protein and lipid
components of most of the organelles
What is the Golgi complex and what does it do? -CORRECT ANSWER a network of
smooth membranes and vesicles located near the nucleus. The Golgi complex is
responsible for processing and packaging proteins into secretory vesicles
What are lysosomes and what do they do? -CORRECT ANSWER saclike structures
that originate from the Golgi complex and contain digestive enzymes. These enzymes
are responsible for digesting most cellular substances to their basic form, such as
amino acids, fatty acids, and carbohydrates
What are peroxisomes? -CORRECT ANSWER involved in the production and
breakdown of hydrogen peroxide
, Importance of proteins in disease -CORRECT ANSWER The major workhorses of the
cell, if misfolded they can cause diseases
What are mitochondria responsible for? -CORRECT ANSWER . Mitochondria contain
the metabolic machinery necessary for cellular energy metabolism (Makes ATP).
What is the cytoskeleton? -CORRECT ANSWER the "bone and muscle" of the cell. The
internal skeleton is composed of a network of protein filaments, including microtubules
and actin filaments (microfilaments).
What is the plasma membrane? -CORRECT ANSWER encloses the cell and, by
controlling the movement of substances across it, exerts a powerful influence on
metabolic pathways
What is signal transduction? -CORRECT ANSWER The transfer of molecular signals
from the exterior to the interior of a cell. If not done apoptosis occurs
What is protein regulation and what is it composed of? -CORRECT ANSWER protein
homeostasis and is defined by the proteostasis network. This network is composed of
ribosomes (makers), chaperones (helpers), and protein breakdown or proteolytic
systems. Malfunction of these systems is associated with disease.
What do protein receptors do? -CORRECT ANSWER on the plasma membrane, enable
the cell to interact with other cells and with extracellular substances
What means accomplish cell-to-cell adhesions? -CORRECT ANSWER (1) the
extracellular membrane, (2) cell adhesion molecules in the cell's plasma membrane,
and (3) specialized cell junctions.
What makes up the extracellular matrix and what does it do? -CORRECT ANSWER (1)
fibrous structural proteins (collagen and elastin), (2) adhesive glycoproteins, and (3)
proteoglycans and hyaluronic acid. The matrix helps regulate cell growth, movement,
and differentiation.
How do cells communicate? -CORRECT ANSWER (1) they form protein channels (gap
junctions); (2) they display receptors that affect intracellular processes or other cells in
direct physical contact; and (3) they use receptor proteins inside the target cell.
How is intercellular signaling done? -CORRECT ANSWER contact-dependent,
paracrine, hormonal, neurohormonal, and neurotransmitter.
What is ATP? -CORRECT ANSWER Adenosine Triphosphate - ENERGY - is required
for active transport.
What is anabolism? -CORRECT ANSWER energy-using process of metabolism
Pathophysiology Exam ||Questions
And Correct Answers||Graded A+
How are cells specialized? -CORRECT ANSWER through the process of differentiation
or maturation
What are the eight specialized cellular functions? -CORRECT ANSWER movement,
conductivity, metabolic absorption, secretion, excretion, respiration, reproduction, and
communication
What are the three general components of an eukaryotic cell? -CORRECT ANSWER
the plasma membrane, the cytoplasm, and the intracellular organelles.
What causes the release of lysosomal enzemes? -CORRECT ANSWER Cellular injury
causing cellular self-digestion
What is the location and function of the nucleus? -CORRECT ANSWER the largest
membrane-bound organelle and is found usually in the cell's center. The chief functions
of the nucleus are cell division and control of genetic information.
What is Cytoplasm? -CORRECT ANSWER an aqueous solution (cytosol) that fills the
space between the nucleus and the plasma membrane.
What is the endoplasmic reticulum and what does it specialize in? -CORRECT
ANSWER a network of tubular channels (cisternae) that extend throughout the outer
nuclear membrane. It specializes in the synthesis and transport of protein and lipid
components of most of the organelles
What is the Golgi complex and what does it do? -CORRECT ANSWER a network of
smooth membranes and vesicles located near the nucleus. The Golgi complex is
responsible for processing and packaging proteins into secretory vesicles
What are lysosomes and what do they do? -CORRECT ANSWER saclike structures
that originate from the Golgi complex and contain digestive enzymes. These enzymes
are responsible for digesting most cellular substances to their basic form, such as
amino acids, fatty acids, and carbohydrates
What are peroxisomes? -CORRECT ANSWER involved in the production and
breakdown of hydrogen peroxide
, Importance of proteins in disease -CORRECT ANSWER The major workhorses of the
cell, if misfolded they can cause diseases
What are mitochondria responsible for? -CORRECT ANSWER . Mitochondria contain
the metabolic machinery necessary for cellular energy metabolism (Makes ATP).
What is the cytoskeleton? -CORRECT ANSWER the "bone and muscle" of the cell. The
internal skeleton is composed of a network of protein filaments, including microtubules
and actin filaments (microfilaments).
What is the plasma membrane? -CORRECT ANSWER encloses the cell and, by
controlling the movement of substances across it, exerts a powerful influence on
metabolic pathways
What is signal transduction? -CORRECT ANSWER The transfer of molecular signals
from the exterior to the interior of a cell. If not done apoptosis occurs
What is protein regulation and what is it composed of? -CORRECT ANSWER protein
homeostasis and is defined by the proteostasis network. This network is composed of
ribosomes (makers), chaperones (helpers), and protein breakdown or proteolytic
systems. Malfunction of these systems is associated with disease.
What do protein receptors do? -CORRECT ANSWER on the plasma membrane, enable
the cell to interact with other cells and with extracellular substances
What means accomplish cell-to-cell adhesions? -CORRECT ANSWER (1) the
extracellular membrane, (2) cell adhesion molecules in the cell's plasma membrane,
and (3) specialized cell junctions.
What makes up the extracellular matrix and what does it do? -CORRECT ANSWER (1)
fibrous structural proteins (collagen and elastin), (2) adhesive glycoproteins, and (3)
proteoglycans and hyaluronic acid. The matrix helps regulate cell growth, movement,
and differentiation.
How do cells communicate? -CORRECT ANSWER (1) they form protein channels (gap
junctions); (2) they display receptors that affect intracellular processes or other cells in
direct physical contact; and (3) they use receptor proteins inside the target cell.
How is intercellular signaling done? -CORRECT ANSWER contact-dependent,
paracrine, hormonal, neurohormonal, and neurotransmitter.
What is ATP? -CORRECT ANSWER Adenosine Triphosphate - ENERGY - is required
for active transport.
What is anabolism? -CORRECT ANSWER energy-using process of metabolism
