2026 ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◍ Affirmative action - Making an extra effort to hire and promote those
in protected groups, particularly when those groups are underrepresented
◍ Affirmative action plan - Plan that analyzes a workforce to determine
whether protected classes are underutilized in different job groups, and
describes how an organization will address any underutilization that
exists
◍ Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) - Act prohibiting
arbitrary age discrimination, specifically protecting individuals over the
age of 40
◍ Agency theory - Person (for example, a manager) is expected to act
on behalf of a principal (for example, the owner of the company)
◍ Animus - Mind set or intention
,◍ Arbitration - A procedure for resolving collective bargaining impasses
by which an arbitrator (third party) chooses a solution to the dispute
◍ Bargaining unit - A group of employees performing jobs in an
industry with sufficient "community of interests" to constitute a unit to
be represented in collective bargaining
◍ BFOQ (Bonafide Occupational Qualifications) - Job requirements
that an employee be a particular religion, sex, or national origin that is
reasonably necessary to business operations. For instance, it is assumed
that an opening for a Baptist minister at a local Baptist church would be
filled by a minister who is actually a person who celebrates the Baptist
religion and not, say, the Episcopal religion
◍ Business necessity - A practice necessary for safe and efficient
organizational operations
◍ Case law - The law is laid down in the the decisions for the courts
(distinct from statutes or other sources of law)
◍ Civil law - Laws that deal with the rights of people rather than with
crimes
◍ Color - Skin pigmentation especially other than white characteristic of
race
, ◍ Common law - Principles developed over centuries as a result of legal
decisions made by judges in individual cases
◍ Comparable worth - A public policy that advocates remedies for any
undervaluation of women's jobs (also called pay equity)
◍ Complaint - A formal allegation against a party
◍ Conciliation - Process where a third party acts as an intermediary
between the parties in a labor dispute, helping them to reach a settlement
◍ Conglomerate - A highly diversified firm that has multiple businesses
with no relationships
◍ Constructive discharge - Dismissal that occurs when an employer
forces and employee to resign by creating a work environment that is so
unpleasant that a reasonable person would resign
◍ Continual training - A mandate that all employers provide training to
workers on a periodic basis, and whenever an employee is hired or
assigned to a new job