THINKING REASON AND
EVIDENCE EXAM PREP TEST
BANK 2026 COMPLETE
PRACTICE SOLUTION TESTED
QUESTIONS
◉ Non- propositions. Answer: statements about matter of fact;
they do not make a claim that can be true or false.
◉ Complex Propositions. Answer: Simple Propositions: have
no internal logical structure, meaning whether they are true or
false does not depend on whether a part of them is true or false.
They are simply true or false on their own.
Complex Proposition: have internal logical structure, meaning
they are composed of simple propositions. Whether complex
propositions are true or false depends on whether their parts are
true or false and how those parts are connected.
◉ Premise. Answer: an assumption; the basis for a conclusion
◉ Bad inferential structure. Answer: In arguments with a bad
form or structure, the premises do not, in fact, demonstrate or
maybe even support the conclusion. In other words, we can
accept the premises as true without being logically compelled to
accept the conclusion.
◉ False Premise. Answer: In arguments with false premise(s),
there is something wrong with their particular content.
◉ Conclusion Indicators. Answer: Therefore ,
So
It follows that
Hence
, Thus
Entails that
We may conclude that
Implies that
Wherefore
As a result
◉ Premise Indicators. Answer: Because
For
Given that
In that
As
Since
As indicated by
◉ Inductive Inference. Answer: the support the premises intend
to provide for the conclusion is less than certain—if the
premises do not guarantee the conclusion.
◉ Deductive inference. Answer: if the premises intend to
provide conclusive support for the conclusion—if they intend to
guarantee the conclusion or make the conclusion certain.
◉ Abduction inference. Answer: arguments where the best
available explanation is chosen as the correct explanation
◉ Sound Argument. Answer: a valid argument in which all of
the premises are true
◉ Truth argument. Answer: If the world is as the proposition
claims it is, then the proposition is true.
◉ Validity. Answer: if the premises of any argument with this
structure are true, then the conclusion of that argument must be
true.