Parts of Speech+ Direct and Indirect Speech: Complete Grammar Notes with Examples & Exercises

PARTS OF SPEECH + DIRECT & INDIRECT
SPEECH


SECTION 1 — PARTS OF SPEECH
(Detailed Notes)
English language has 8 main parts of speech.​
They tell us how a word functions in a sentence.




1. Noun
A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, idea, or quality.

Types of Nouns

1.​ Proper Nouns – Name of specific people/places​
Example: India, Priya, Monday​

2.​ Common Nouns – General names​
Example: city, girl, month​

3.​ Abstract Nouns – Feelings/ideas​
Example: honesty, beauty, fear​

4.​ Concrete Nouns – Things we can touch​
Example: table, dog​

5.​ Collective Nouns – Group names​
Example: team, bunch, herd​

6.​ Countable Nouns – Can be counted​
Example: apples, books​

, 7.​ Uncountable Nouns – Cannot be counted​
Example: milk, information​




2. Pronoun
A pronoun replaces a noun.

Types

●​ Personal (I, you, he, they)​

●​ Demonstrative (this, that)​

●​ Interrogative (who, whose)​

●​ Relative (who, which)​

●​ Reflexive (himself, herself)​

●​ Indefinite (someone, everybody)​


Example: Riya is tired → She is tired.




3. Verb
A verb shows action, state, or possession.

Types

●​ Main verbs (eat, sleep)​

●​ Helping verbs (is, am, are, have, will)​

●​ Transitive (needs object)​

●​ Intransitive (does not need object)​