ARTICLES, DETERMINERS, QUANTIFIERS & SUBJECT–VERB AGREEMENT: COMPLETE GRAMMAR NOTES WITH EXAMPLES & EXERCISES

ARTICLES, DETERMINERS, QUANTIFIERS
& SUBJECT–VERB AGREEMENT
Complete Notes (PDF-Ready)



SECTION 1: ARTICLES, DETERMINERS &
QUANTIFIERS


1. ARTICLES
Articles are words that define a noun as specific or non-specific.​
There are three articles:

A / AN → Indefinite Articles

THE → Definite Article



1.1 Indefinite Articles (A / AN)
Use ‘A’ before:

●​ Words beginning with a consonant sound.​
a boy, a cat, a university (/ju:/ sound), a European country​



Use ‘AN’ before:

●​ Words beginning with a vowel sound (a, e, i, o, u).​
an apple, an eagle, an hour (/our/ sound), an honest person​

, When to Use A/An

1.​ When referring to something general, not specific​
I bought a book.​

2.​ When mentioning something for the first time​
I saw a dog.​

3.​ To show profession​
She is an engineer.​

4.​ In expressions of quantity​
a few, a little, a lot​




1.2 Definite Article (THE)
Use THE when you refer to something specific

●​ The book on the table is mine.​



Use THE for:

1.​ Unique things​
the sun, the moon, the earth​

2.​ Superlatives​
the best, the tallest​

3.​ Names of rivers, seas, oceans, deserts, mountain ranges​
the Ganga, the Pacific Ocean, the Thar Desert, the Himalayas​

4.​ Musical instruments​
He plays the guitar.​

5.​ Ordinal numbers​
the first day, the second chapter​

6.​ Countries with plural names​
the United States, the Netherlands​